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Analyst
Joe Spak
Period: Reporting periods mapped to calendar 2024 Q3 – 2026 Q2 (8 quarters).
- Questions
- 64on tracked calls
- Challenge rate
- 19%12 of 64 questions
- Companies
- 7questioned at least once
- Reporting periods
- 8with questions
These figures cover the whole profile: every tracked question, all reporting periods.
How to read these numbers
Challenge rate is the share of questions that pushed back, pressed for specifics or questioned management’s assumptions. It describes how questions were asked on the calls tracked here; it does not measure whether any view turned out to be right.
Rounding. Rates are rounded to whole percentages, so a small share can show as 0% even when some questions were challenging. The count beside each rate is exact; “none of N questions” means no question was challenging.
No questions recorded. “—” means there is nothing to calculate: no questions were recorded for that period on the calls tracked here. It does not mean there was no activity.
Fewer than 3 questions. A company-level rate is withheld when fewer than 3 questions were recorded for that company; the questions are still counted everywhere else.
Small samples. Profiles with fewer than 10 questions are marked Limited sample.
Reporting periods. Questions are grouped by the calendar quarter each company’s fiscal reporting period maps to, not by the date of the call. Periods without a calendar mapping are listed separately under their fiscal label.
Questions asked
Grouped by company, most questions first. Open a company to read its questions, newest reporting period first.
Showing 64 of 64 questions from 7 companies
APTVAptiv14 questions · 7 reporting periods · 3 of 14 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
But we've been here before. So maybe you could just sort of walk through how or what you're doing to sort of changing your planning process for some of this uncertainty?
Show response
Spak challenged the repeated forecast misses; Kevin conceded assuming China government support was a mistake and said they are applying significantly more conservatism to China schedules.
how quick can sort of the drone business come into sales. I noticed you said you're collaborating on 800V DC. Can you just describe that a little more?
Show response
Kevin said robotics/drone awards convert to revenue in ~6 months; energy-storage/data-center power products under $50M today but expected to ramp fast; the M&A builds out the portfolio.
Calendar 2026 Q1
What's the sales process like? And when you kind of convert to revenue?
Show response
Kevin noted non-auto lead times range from a few months to under 9 months, much shorter than automotive. Separate dedicated sales and product teams for non-auto go-to-market.
I think I counted like 550 basis points. But your guidance is about 180 basis points half-over-half. So I just want to, maybe, understand if we could sort of talk through some of the offsets
Show response
Varun confirmed 60bps incremental commodity pressure vs initial guidance from copper, gold, silver, resin. Volume flow-through positive but offset by commodity headwinds and timing of pass-throughs.
Calendar 2025 Q4
we also saw some big numbers put out by some automakers in terms of, you know, cash they're gonna give to suppliers for canceled programs or lower volumes. Is any of that baked into your outlook?
Show response
Kevin confirmed EV program cancellation recoveries are in outlook at high-confidence level. Strong OEM agreement that supply base needs support. Not upside to plan but still being finalized.
for Versagen, like, how much is copper helping the top line in that growth number? Maybe FX for each company as well?
Show response
Varun disclosed copper budget at $5.50/lb vs $4.51 actual adding ~$200M revenue (indexed, 3-month pass-through). Peso hedged 95% below 18 for 2026. Versagen 2% adjusted growth excludes FX/commodity.
Calendar 2025 Q3
Any way to sort of contextualize how big an opportunity you think that is? And is there any opportunity in that -- in, let's say, an energy storage business for the ECG business out there?
Show response
Kevin highlighted non-auto approaching $3B+ growing mid-teens across ECG, AS&UX, EDS. Software portfolio (GAAP) north of $600M growing 20%+. More detail at Investor Day.
the midpoint of fourth quarter is 11.8%. Even the high end is 12.4%. You just did 12.5%.
Show response
Varun and Kevin cited three drivers: volume flow-through on $80-100M lower revenue, $15M customer recovery timing shift from Q4 to Q3, and elevated copper prices plus >100bps FX headwind YoY.
Calendar 2025 Q2
You're talking about consumer demand of vehicles and you're shipping to that? Or do you think there was actual channel inventory build
Show response
Kevin acknowledged mix of consumer pull-forward and production pull-forward but difficult to quantify precisely.
it looks like revenue is really pretty flat 3Q to 4Q, but a big step-up in margins. Is that just sort of the normal seasonality
Show response
Kevin explained Q4 margin lift from cost action timing and back-end-loaded engineering credits, a normal seasonality pattern.
Calendar 2025 Q1
Maybe you can just provide some indication of sort of what type of manufacturing you think could move back. And if there's any rule of thumb to sort of think about some of the capital cost to reloc...
Show response
Kevin noted potential for highly automated AS&UX or ECG production in U.S. leveraging existing footprint, but too early for capital estimates.
So is it fair to assume that for the second quarter, everything is based on what you're seeing now, including any tariff impact and mitigation?
Show response
Kevin confirmed Q2 captures tariff impacts while back half uncertainty is purely a volume/demand question, not tariff exposure.
Calendar 2024 Q4
I am curious though if any of those OEM conversations have cascaded down to you, because if anything like this were to need to occur
Show response
Kevin described near-term plans including inventory deployment, duplicate manufacturing, and production schedule alignment discussions.
Are there any other areas of the outlook that you highlight besides that sort of adjustment to North American production?
Show response
Kevin noted conservatism is primarily North America, with Europe EV growth assumed at mid-single digit vs IHS 20%.
GMGeneral Motors14 questions · 7 reporting periods · 1 of 14 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
should we also expect Super Cruise to scale, at least from an availability perspective, across other vehicles?
Show response
Barra declined to give specifics on Super Cruise pricing changes but confirmed continued expansion across the truck lineup.
Was wondering if you could maybe quantify how much warranty helped on a year-over-year basis in the quarter.
Show response
Jacobson quantified about $500 million of first-half warranty benefit and lifted the full-year tailwind to a billion to a billion and a half.
Calendar 2026 Q1
is what you're seeing sort of in line with what you expected, call it, 90 days ago
Show response
Paul confirmed discounting broadly in line with expectations; share losses attributed to lean inventory, not competitive weakness. No change to pricing playbook.
I think you mentioned, call it $1 billion to $1.5 billion in onshoring and software costs. Like how is that tracking
Show response
Paul confirmed onshoring costs are back-half weighted as expected; hiring for plant readiness ramps into early 2027.
Calendar 2025 Q4
I wanted to go back to some of your comments on portfolio and you mentioned hybrids
Show response
Mary confirmed all products within $10-12B CapEx. Next-gen SDV platform and Cruise available across ICE and EV. Hybrids being evaluated segment by segment. Propulsion is one differentiator but vehicles increasingly need to do more with AI, software, and Super Cruise.
I just wondered if we could unpack $1 to $1.5 billion in onshoring software expense?
Show response
Paul said roughly 50-50 split between onshoring ramp-up costs and software investment. Onshoring costs are temporary and will be offset when new capacity enters production. Software side funding SDV 2.0, autonomy, and Super Cruise enhancements.
Calendar 2025 Q3
can we dive in a little bit on some of the updated tariff disclosure? You lowered the gross by $500 million from the MSRP offset
Show response
Paul explained the expanded MSRP offset includes lengthened duration to 3.75% and ability to designate parts into 232 which expands the pool of eligible imported parts for US production. This is where the $500M gross tariff savings are coming from.
I was just wondering if you could touch, if you don't mind, on maybe some preliminary high-level industry or macro factors, especially since it seems like there's some incremental concerns in the m...
Show response
Paul said too early to speculate on 2026 specifics. Confident in multiple self-help levers including warranty improvement, EV loss reduction, and lower net tariff burden. Will provide full guidance in January with better macro visibility.
Calendar 2025 Q2
I know in in your K, you disclosed that last year you expensed a billion dollars for credits
Show response
Paul said CAFE penalties zeroed out under the bill; purchased credits on balance sheet will wash against already-booked expenses. GHG compliance not fully answered. Expects lower compliance expense rate going forward. Mary added this extends ICE profitability runway.
you did mention that you expected the biggest headwind to be in the second quarter, and now it seems like the third quarter
Show response
Paul explained the shift is due to indirect tariff items hitting later than initially estimated. Still tracking $4-5B for the full year. Cash impact expected lower in second half as MSRP offset timing catches up.
Calendar 2025 Q1
the guidance was lowered by $3.5 billion seems like you're saying about a $4.5 billion tariff impact. I'm assuming that's a gross number
Show response
Paul clarified $4-5B is after presidential offset but before GM's 30% self-help. Pricing strength year-to-date offset by warranty and FX but not banking on additional pricing beyond current levels.
I'm wondering how you just think about potential pricing actions going forward, especially given what maybe some competitors might do
Show response
Paul said GM's disciplined pricing strategy has consistently outperformed despite competitor discounting. Share gains are driven by vehicle portfolio quality, not buying share.
Calendar 2024 Q4
GMNA pricing in the quarter, I think when you showed some of the pricing data in the sales release, it looked like things are really strong
Show response
Paul confirmed strong commercial pricing. The 1-1.5% haircut for 2025 is down from prior years, reflecting expectation of more stability. January ATPs up slightly, incentives down slightly.
I'm curious a little bit more about just shifting mix of production between plants, especially on the full-size vehicles
Show response
Mary said they can shift truck production between countries and redirect international market sourcing. Encouraged that Mexico is engaging with Trump administration to avoid tariffs.
FFord Motor Company12 questions · 7 reporting periods · 4 of 12 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
what you see for F Series here in the back half
Show response
Farley said F-Series is at a lean ~45-day supply, leaving wholesale and retail upside, with demand across the truck lineup strong.
Calendar 2026 Q1
You mentioned about $1 billion. I'm just trying to contextualize what you're assuming here
Show response
House gave near-term color on steel/aluminum shortages but declined to predict 2027 given commodity volatility.
Calendar 2025 Q4
the delta to get you back higher, I guess, is the volume portion of it. So I guess, you know, put another way, if all that temporary sourcing costs and logistics and higher tariffs is really tempor...
Show response
House confirmed the $9B midpoint effectively includes $1.5-2B temporary Novelis costs that would be tailwinds in 2027. Galhotra added Novelis hot mill restart expected May-September with contingency plans for various scenarios.
you've got some competitors out there that are sort of trying to regain share in North American trucks and European LCVs
Show response
Frick highlighted two years of expanding truck leadership with 2 points revenue share and 1.5 points volume share growth in 2025. Increasing hybrids on Maverick and V8/Lariat/Raptor on F-150 to optimize mix. Davis confirmed strong European LCV orders and solid pricing despite competitive market.
Calendar 2025 Q3
I want to understand why, as of now, you only think you could recover about $1 billion of the impact from Novelis
Show response
Galhotra confirmed Novelis hot mill restart late Nov/early Dec with 90-100K lost Q4 units. Third shift at Dearborn Truck to recover ~50K of those in 2026. Farley added that makeup depends on Ford's own capacity upside, not Novelis.
maybe you could just update us on how you're viewing any potential disruption from [ Nexperia ] chip impact
Show response
Farley framed as political issue involving mature node components (diodes, transistors). Runout dates close to potential resolution date. Industry-wide risk requiring quick breakthrough to avoid Q4 production losses.
Calendar 2025 Q2
What is Ford really lobbying for in the conversations with the administration
Show response
Farley said Ford pushing to simplify parts tariffs to reduce $2B net liability, with daily administration contact yielding productive conversations and potential upside.
how much of a profit tailwind that could be in 2016 and beyond
Show response
House guided ~$200M quarterly compliance credit expense. Farley said the bigger opportunity is multi-billion dollar mix optimization over next 2 years, pending rule finalization.
Calendar 2025 Q1
what really are you looking for here over the coming months to give you confidence to be able to put the guidance and outlook back in
Show response
House listed tariff implementation details, tax/emission policy changes, customer reaction to pricing, and competitive dynamics as preconditions but offered no specific thresholds.
what does it mean for the next-gen project and modeling more broadly, like you've clearly taken a lot of costs out of e
Show response
Farley emphasized PTC as outsized impact for Ford, with IRA consumer credits and EPA CO2 requirements from 2027 as offsetting policy factors.
Calendar 2024 Q4
can you just help us understand some of the drivers that maybe get that higher and also maybe what type of distribution from Ford Credit
Show response
House attributed FCF decline to lower EBIT plus timing differences on warranty and marketing incentives, and guided Credit distribution equal to or greater than prior year.
how you plan to really position and market that as a value proposition
Show response
Farley cited Li Auto customer research showing EREV owners view them as EVs driving 95% electric miles, with much smaller and cheaper batteries making them affordable.
TELTE Connectivity8 questions · 8 reporting periods · 1 of 8 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
you talked about that AI cloud being $3 billion in two years, which would be next year 2027
Show response
Terrence confirmed TE is ahead of and pulling forward the $3B AI cloud target, with DDN a major 2027 growth driver on top of ~15% company growth this year.
Calendar 2026 Q1
just given the velocity with how fast things moved, I wonder if that weighed it all in the quarter. But more importantly, for the next quarter outlook, you mentioned how in the past, you always do ...
Show response
Heath acknowledged inflationary headwinds from resins, freight, and metals but team well-conditioned with proven playbook. Some timing noise between cost and price realization but not material to margins or flow-through. Still committed to 30%+ incremental flow-through. Both segments operating well in the environment.
Calendar 2025 Q4
with the total revenue flattish quarter-over-quarter would suggest the [indiscernible] kind of slowed or it's even really down, I guess, quarter-over-quarter. Maybe you could help us understand wha...
Show response
Terrence confirmed sequential AI growth Q4 to Q1. Industrial segment expected to grow sequentially Q1 to Q2. Bulk of the $200M raise will come in Q3/Q4 as new programs ramp. DDN orders up 70% YoY. No capacity constraints, pure program timing. Strong momentum continuing.
Calendar 2025 Q3
I was wondering if there's also a power element related to AI that's going to help you in '26. And then just for CapEx in '26, like you've been close to mid-5 sales this year to help build out that...
Show response
Terrence confirmed AI growth spans high-speed, power interconnects, liquid busbars, and inter-rack cabling. Heath noted CapEx up a couple hundred million in FY25, entirely for AI/cloud. Expects similar increase in FY26, still around 5%+ of sales. Some investments in late FY26 will support FY27 program revenue.
Calendar 2025 Q2
how should we think about a new sort of aspirational target for the company as we think out here a couple of years
Show response
Heath framed margin expansion through 30%+ incremental flow-through on organic growth. Some businesses have additional restructuring benefits. Inorganic contributions layered on top.
Calendar 2025 Q1
are you including any of the Richard's acquisition in that growth? And I know you sort of made some comments about, you know, AI as well
Show response
Terrence confirmed no Richards contribution in Q2 orders (closed in April). Order growth was broad-based across all Industrial businesses and geographies with Europe getting closer to zero.
Calendar 2024 Q4
In auto, we know typically the December quarter, companies tend to get some engineering recoveries from the customers
Show response
Terrence denied engineering reimbursements; Q1 margin strength is seasonal from peak Asia production. DDN margins will see program lumpiness but have been investing ahead for capacity.
Calendar 2024 Q3
I was wondering if you could just give us a little bit of color on CapEx plans for next year and whether free cash flow conversion could be similar
Show response
Heath guided CapEx ~5% of revenue with ~$100M increase for AI capacity. FCF conversion expected above 100% but below the 120% achieved in FY24 due to working capital needs from growth.
APHAmphenol7 questions · 7 reporting periods · 1 of 7 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
I am just wondering about your interest in power electronics more broadly, either organically or inorganically
Show response
Norwitt said active power management and inverters are not something Amphenol has done in any meaningful way, while reaffirming power interconnect as core strategy.
Calendar 2026 Q1
how you're sort of thinking about a desire from some, ultimately, customers to sort of really bring in new players, maybe diversify some of their risk
Show response
Norwitt welcomed competition, noting Amphenol has always had to earn business. Highlighted execution capability and virtuous reinvestment cycle as durable advantages.
Calendar 2025 Q4
any sense of how large their order book looks here
Show response
Norwitt confirmed CommScope has had positive book-to-bill over recent quarters but did not quantify the order book size.
Calendar 2025 Q3
is there anything structural between the segments that we think can impact incremental margins
Show response
Lampo said no structural limitations. All segments can expand margins. ISS segment achieved 20% and 30% sequential conversion. Com Solutions adding some costs to support 75% organic growth.
Calendar 2025 Q2
is that what you're sort of seeing maybe a little bit of just digestion before we see some further gains?
Show response
Norwitt rejected the air-pocket framing. Q3 moderation reflects shipping ahead in Q2, not weakening demand. Customer investments remain very robust.
Calendar 2025 Q1
if you're seeing - any sort of further green shoots in Europe within that segment
Show response
Norwitt confirmed Europe industrial nearly flat YoY with sequential growth starting. Positive book-to-bill in industrial but cautioned it's early to call full recovery.
Calendar 2024 Q4
can you just help us understand how we should sort of think about profitability here going forward? Is it sustainable?
Show response
Lampo explained margin expansion driven by low-30s conversion rate on strong growth with fixed cost discipline, not AI-specific factors.
RIVNRivian Automotive, Inc.5 questions · 5 reporting periods · 1 of 5 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
what are you classifying as normalized?
Show response
Claire said the $100 million captures ramp inefficiencies such as expedited freight and supplier premiums plus costs expensed in period that would have been absorbed into inventory at a Q4 run rate.
Calendar 2026 Q1
it does seem like maybe the total project scope is now capped at 300,000 units
Show response
Claire said the loan funds the enlarged 300,000-unit first phase on the upper pad, with the lower pad left as greenfield for future expansion that could be funded more opportunistically.
Calendar 2025 Q3
would you actually consider offering an EREV for the US market
Show response
RJ ruled out an EREV or series hybrid, reiterating conviction that the mid-size SUV segment works well with a fully electric architecture at a competitive price point.
Calendar 2025 Q2
what exactly got worse on tariffs
Show response
Claire clarified the per-unit tariff figure was unchanged and the incremental guidance hit was driven by the loss of second-half regulatory-credit revenue plus Q2 supply-chain-limited production.
Calendar 2025 Q1
the depreciation and amortization in COGS line was down quite meaningfully quarter-over-quarter
Show response
Claire explained that producing more vehicles than were delivered pushed depreciation onto the balance sheet through inventory, and that depreciation will step back up once R2 production begins.
Show 1 more company
CVNACarvana Co.4 questions · 2 reporting periods · 1 of 4 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
is that something you do plan on continuing to do more regularly?
Show response
Confirmed the mid-year adjusted-EBITDA outlook mirrors the prior two years' playbook.
with the second half profitability sort of close to the first half, is this more comp driven or more cost driven
Show response
Declined to split comp vs cost, saying results depend on execution and reiterating the guidance framing.
Calendar 2025 Q4
can you just briefly touch on what happened with tax? It looks like there was some release and now there's a large deferred tax asset
Show response
Released full valuation allowance on tax assets from UP-C structure upon achieving sustained profitability. More than $600M benefit flows to common shareholders.
I'm curious if you could comment on your feelings about what your customers are saying about affordability
Show response
Used car market has low aggregate elasticity. Focus on fundamental gains that lower costs and create value to share with customers. Other GPU flat despite 1pt rate reduction shows platform strength.
Challenge rate by company
Every company this analyst questioned, most questions first. A company-level rate is shown from 3 questions; below that it is withheld.
| Company | Questions | Challenge rate |
|---|---|---|
| APTV Aptiv | 14 | 21%3 of 14 questions |
| GM General Motors | 14 | 7%1 of 14 questions |
| F Ford Motor Company | 12 | 33%4 of 12 questions |
| TEL TE Connectivity | 8 | 13%1 of 8 questions |
| APH Amphenol | 7 | 14%1 of 7 questions |
| RIVN Rivian Automotive, Inc. | 5 | 20%1 of 5 questions |
| CVNA Carvana Co. | 4 | 25%1 of 4 questions |
- APTVAptiv · 14 questions21%3 of 14 questions
- GMGeneral Motors · 14 questions7%1 of 14 questions
- FFord Motor Company · 12 questions33%4 of 12 questions
- TELTE Connectivity · 8 questions13%1 of 8 questions
- APHAmphenol · 7 questions14%1 of 7 questions
- RIVNRivian Automotive, Inc. · 5 questions20%1 of 5 questions
- CVNACarvana Co. · 4 questions25%1 of 4 questions
Activity by reporting period
Questions recorded for each calendar quarter that companies’ reporting periods map to (not the call date), with the challenge rate for that period. Periods inside the range with no questions are shown as “No questions recorded”.
| Calendar period | Questions | Challenge rate | Companies |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Q3 | 1 | 0%none of 1 question | 1 |
| 2024 Q4 | 8 | 0%none of 8 questions | 5 |
| 2025 Q1 | 9 | 22%2 of 9 questions | 6 |
| 2025 Q2 | 9 | 0%none of 9 questions | 6 |
| 2025 Q3 | 9 | 44%4 of 9 questions | 6 |
| 2025 Q4 | 10 | 20%2 of 10 questions | 6 |
| 2026 Q1 | 8 | 25%2 of 8 questions | 6 |
| 2026 Q2 | 10 | 20%2 of 10 questions | 7 |
- 2024 Q31 question · challenge rate 0% (none of 1 question) · 1 company
- 2024 Q48 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 8 questions) · 5 companies
- 2025 Q19 questions · challenge rate 22% (2 of 9 questions) · 6 companies
- 2025 Q29 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 9 questions) · 6 companies
- 2025 Q39 questions · challenge rate 44% (4 of 9 questions) · 6 companies
- 2025 Q410 questions · challenge rate 20% (2 of 10 questions) · 6 companies
- 2026 Q18 questions · challenge rate 25% (2 of 8 questions) · 6 companies
- 2026 Q210 questions · challenge rate 20% (2 of 10 questions) · 7 companies
Topics
Topics tagged on this analyst’s questions.
- Margin17
- Cost Pressure13
- Demand12
- Trade Tariffs11
- Guidance Reliability8
- Cloud & AI7
- Innovation & R&D7
- Regulation Policy7
- Capex Investment7
- Competitive Dynamics6
Show all 19 topics
- Pricing6
- Supply Chain6
- Capital Allocation6
- Revenue Growth5
- Macroeconomic5
- Product Launch4
- Geographic Expansion4
- M&A3
- Fx1