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Analyst
Owen Lau
Period: Reporting periods mapped to calendar 2024 Q3 – 2026 Q2 (8 quarters).
- Questions
- 62on tracked calls
- Challenge rate
- 16%10 of 62 questions
- Companies
- 11questioned at least once
- Reporting periods
- 8with questions
These figures cover the whole profile: every tracked question, all reporting periods.
How to read these numbers
Challenge rate is the share of questions that pushed back, pressed for specifics or questioned management’s assumptions. It describes how questions were asked on the calls tracked here; it does not measure whether any view turned out to be right.
Rounding. Rates are rounded to whole percentages, so a small share can show as 0% even when some questions were challenging. The count beside each rate is exact; “none of N questions” means no question was challenging.
No questions recorded. “—” means there is nothing to calculate: no questions were recorded for that period on the calls tracked here. It does not mean there was no activity.
Fewer than 3 questions. A company-level rate is withheld when fewer than 3 questions were recorded for that company; the questions are still counted everywhere else.
Small samples. Profiles with fewer than 10 questions are marked Limited sample.
Reporting periods. Questions are grouped by the calendar quarter each company’s fiscal reporting period maps to, not by the date of the call. Periods without a calendar mapping are listed separately under their fiscal label.
Questions asked
Grouped by company, most questions first. Open a company to read its questions, newest reporting period first.
Showing 62 of 62 questions from 11 companies
FICOFair Isaac13 questions · 7 reporting periods · 1 of 13 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
Platform ARR growth accelerated, but non-platform was weak. Um, should we expect these kind of like divergence continue?
Show response
Said yes, the divergence continues by design, while insisting platform growth is not cannibalization even as migrations increase.
if 10T is further delayed, how would that impact implementation of other FICO score adjustments
Show response
Deflected timing to the GSEs and pointed to nonconforming adoption, without addressing the UltraFICO 2 or FICO 11 dependency.
Calendar 2026 Q1
have you heard of any of these 21 lenders received the updated LLPA grid from FHFA for the pilot?
Show response
Lansing had no information on pilot LLPA grids, noting the process appears to be manual.
why it's very hard for whatever Vantage or a third-party AI platform to come in and create a more predictive credit score
Show response
Lansing made a detailed case: fair lending laws require explainability that AI black boxes cannot provide, CFPB shut down Upstart's experiment, FICO has 137 AI patents including explainability, and 10T is already more predictive than alternatives.
Calendar 2025 Q4
Is it really a one-off deal that we shouldn't expect this to recur, or FICO platform begins to gain recognition and traction, and more similar deals could come more frequently in the future?
Show response
Lansing confirmed larger deals are becoming more frequent, not one-off. Weber added FY26 ACV bookings expected to be significantly higher than FY25 with strong pipeline and momentum.
If it is implemented, how would it potentially impact FICO? Do you think consumers will go to other form of loans, which will still need to use FICO score for underwriting?
Show response
Lansing argued an APR cap would increase demand for credit risk assessment on the margin, and any shift to personal lending or BNPL would also use FICO Scores.
Calendar 2025 Q3
Is the pricing lock in, in this agreement or there's flexibility for FICO to raise pricing because of the value you provided
Show response
Lansing clarified the Xactus deal is a multiyear collaboration but pricing is set annually for 2026, preserving annual repricing flexibility.
Calendar 2025 Q2
if lenders were to move to VantageScore, usually, how long does it take for lenders to switch over? Can they do it within 1 or 2 years
Show response
Lansing noted no precedent exists for lender switching, implicitly reinforcing the stickiness of FICO's position.
could you please talk about other markets such as credit card, auto and personal loan? When there's no requirement from anyone, do you see any traction that VantageScore is gaining any market shares
Show response
Lansing stated no VantageScore share gains in any non-mortgage vertical over the past decade-plus of competition.
Calendar 2024 Q4
I think you mentioned expense will go up from here. And in the third quarter, there will be FICO World. Any more color you can add
Show response
Weber described modest expense increases with no material step functions, with FICO World adding $5-6M in Q3.
Could you please talk about the pipeline and outlook of bookings over the next quarter or so?
Show response
Weber confirmed strong pipeline but cautioned on inherent quarterly volatility given small number of large deals.
Calendar 2024 Q3
how do you assume how many weight cuts you expect in 2025? And how will that impact the loan volume
Show response
Lansing deflected, declining to share rate cut assumptions and redirecting analysts to form their own estimates.
the analytic firms were under pressure because of the end market challenges and budget cuts and vendor consolidation
Show response
Lansing argued FICO Platform decisions occur at C-suite level and represent strategic investments, limiting budget pressure impact versus commodity software.
COINCoinbase Global8 questions · 7 reporting periods · 0 of 8 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
Last month, Coinbase started to offer pre IPO perpetual futures for non US traders to gain access to private companies.
Show response
Armstrong called early traction encouraging and said US access is on the road map, but named no further companies and gave no timeline.
Could you please talk about the reason Coinbase joining Onyx USD? Some people think, Onyx USD is a major threat.
Show response
Haas pre-empted the leverage question by confirming the Circle renewal outright; Armstrong then framed Onyx USD as consistent with being a multi-stablecoin platform.
Calendar 2026 Q1
could you please give us an update on launching crypto options trading in the U.S. and the timing of that? What are the major hurdles in front of you?
Show response
Alesia could not give a specific U.S. timeline but noted Deribit integration progressing, with plans to unify spots, perps, futures, and options on a single platform.
Calendar 2025 Q4
the valuation of the whole sector, including tokens and equities has come down. How does Coinbase think about the opportunities in larger-scale buybacks and M&A?
Show response
Alesia detailed capital deployment: $1.7B buybacks, 10 acquisitions in 2025, doubled Bitcoin holdings. Emphasized 12 consecutive quarters of positive adjusted EBITDA enabling continued investment through cycles.
Calendar 2025 Q3
what you have heard from the banks and merchants so far about these deal capabilities? And have you started to see more merchants moving into blockchain or even considering moving into blockchain?
Show response
Brian described crypto-as-a-service growth to 264 institutions. Alesia added the vertically integrated payments stack (Base + USDC + APIs) and strong SMB traction with 1,000 onboarded and 1,000 waitlisted.
Calendar 2025 Q2
Could you please talk about that potential license? Why there isn't a super app in the U.S.? And why you think Base can do it?
Show response
Paul Grewal explained the single-license benefits: reduced compliance costs, follow-through on President's Working Group report. Noted the commitment to formal rulemaking through SEC Crypto Task Force.
Calendar 2025 Q1
What will Coinbase look like longer term? Do you think Coinbase will be more like a tech provider, a surface onchain bank or a super app like WeChat?
Show response
Brian articulated a vision beyond crypto brokerage: primary financial account spanning trading, payments, and tokenized assets. Declined interest in backward-looking TradFi integration.
Calendar 2024 Q4
Could you please talk about how we can still gain shares, not just one month or two months, but through the cycle and what makes Coinbase Global, Inc. different from other platforms?
Show response
Brian credited trust and brand, framed competition as TAM expansion rather than zero-sum. Alesia added that Q1 started strong and long-term share gains come from asset additions and UX improvements.
MSCIMSCI7 questions · 7 reporting periods · 0 of 7 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
How much of that was because of your tier pricing structure, and how much of it is driven by competitive dynamics?
Show response
Andy said Q1 reflected lower BlackRock floors while Q2 fee compression was mostly mix shift toward lower-fee developed-markets ex-US and all-country products.
Calendar 2026 Q1
Hi. Good morning. Thank you for taking my questions. So Analytics revenue was up over 10% year over year, and, Andy, you also mentioned that you had some pretty strong nonrecurring revenue
Show response
Management addressed the question with specific commentary.
Calendar 2025 Q4
For private asset, you highlighted a number of opportunities there. One of the key themes in this space is tokenization.
Show response
Management addressed the question with specific commentary.
Calendar 2025 Q3
I do have another question on AI. And Henry, I really appreciate your response to the previous AI questions.
Show response
Management addressed the question with specific commentary.
Calendar 2025 Q2
Good morning, and thank you for taking my question. I do want to go back to the sales environment in the second quarter and also far in the third quarter.
Show response
Management addressed the question with specific commentary.
Calendar 2025 Q1
Thank you for taking my questions. I want to go back to the new sales environment. And you mentioned that some deals are pushed out from the first quarter to the second quarter.
Show response
Management addressed the question with specific commentary.
Calendar 2024 Q4
Good morning, and thank you for taking my question. Could you please talk a little bit more about your Analytics segment? It looks like the run rate came down a little bit from last quarter.
Show response
Management addressed the question with specific commentary.
NDAQNasdaq, Inc.7 questions · 7 reporting periods · 5 of 7 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
I'm wondering how Calypso can monetize it incrementally and the pace of adoption there.
Show response
Adena described tokenized-collateral on Canton as a proof of concept, to be monetized later as a Calypso upsell module.
Calendar 2026 Q1
what are the remaining hurdles you need to cross before you can execute the first 3?
Show response
Friedman confirmed DTCC targeting first tokenized equity trade before end of 2026 with collaborative testing planned mid-year. Expected to be early phase by year-end to ensure end-to-end seamless operation.
Calendar 2025 Q4
how do you think about the risk of splitting liquidity between on-chain and traditional well and also the competition between tokenized equities and issuance of block native token
Show response
Friedman emphasized Nasdaq's core mandate to aggregate liquidity not fragment it. Blockchain-native equity trading currently lacks technology for Nasdaq-scale message traffic and latency. Netting efficiency must be preserved as tokenization is introduced.
Calendar 2025 Q3
Is this something that you want to keep this in your back pocket at this point? Or you have already seen a good demand to trade tokenized equities for U.S. and non-U.S. investors?
Show response
Friedman framed tokenization as investor choice expansion rather than disruption of existing market structure. Tokenization creates streamlined payment infrastructure and post-trade efficiency. Well-partnered with DTC on implementation.
Calendar 2025 Q2
Does this trend support or disintermediate Nasdaq private market longer term
Show response
Friedman framed tokenization as a technology rather than competitive threat, noting NPM already facilitates similar structures via SPVs. Nasdaq focused on liquidity, transparency and integrity.
Calendar 2025 Q1
have you started hearing that foreign companies are more inclined to list on foreign exchanges versus US exchanges given what's going on with tariff
Show response
Friedman noted Q1 IPOs doubled YoY but larger deals waiting for less volatility. No change in foreign company conversations due to tariffs, Nordic markets also seeing good demand.
Calendar 2024 Q4
your Cap Markets Tech ARR, it came down from 12% last quarter to 9%. It also drove your Fintech ARR down for the quarter
Show response
Friedman attributed deceleration to tough Q4 2023 comps for Calypso plus deal timing, noting ARR excludes contract ramps and expects AxiomSL/Calypso within mid-teens outlook.
SPGIS&P Global6 questions · 6 reporting periods · 1 of 6 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
it just appears that it’s hard to find a good way to monetize it or expand the revenue contribution more
Show response
Martina cited the roughly $600 million private markets revenue base and named private credit indices and Cambridge Associates and Mercer datasets.
Calendar 2026 Q1
could you please talk about your go-to-market strategy and the revenue model of this product
Show response
Martina confirmed subscription-based model for Titan and described CERAWeek as an effective launch platform with hard launch later in the year.
Calendar 2025 Q4
Could you please add more color on the priorities of your private market solutions in 2026?
Show response
Martina covered private markets across divisions: Ratings strong private credit positioning with potential hyperscaler channel, Index working with MI on Cambridge Mercer data, MI seeing early With Intelligence cross-sell momentum. Beta for Cambridge Mercer launched Q4 with positive feedback.
Calendar 2025 Q2
there may be some pull forward for auto activities in the first half, which could normalize in the second half. Your revenue guidance also implies that your growth in the second half will be maybe ...
Show response
Martina minimized pull-forward narrative, emphasizing strong CARFAX performance and progress toward 100 million customer target. Cited tough H2 comps and some manufacturing hesitancy as factors.
Calendar 2025 Q1
could you please talk about how do you bridge the flat bond business to the zero to four percent ratings revenue growth? Is it mainly driven by pricing
Show response
Explained non-transaction revenue growing mid-single digits bridges flat issuance to 0-4% ratings revenue. Eric confirmed Ostra proceeds of ~$1B after-tax will fund additional buybacks.
Calendar 2024 Q4
is there anything you have learned from these conversations that you could do something differently to enhance the value of your products in the future
Show response
Martina outlined three categories: customer sentiment data, Chief Client Office enthusiasm generating new pipeline, and division teams leaning into senior-level engagement.
MCOMoody's Corporation5 questions · 5 reporting periods · 2 of 5 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
the organic growth was 6% in the first quarter, ARR was 8%, but you still guide to high single-digit percentage range
Show response
Heuland clarified guidance targets the low end of high single-digit range, with transaction revenue decline creating about 1pp drag. Recurring revenue growth typically accelerates in the second half.
Calendar 2025 Q4
I want to go back to your MIS margin guide, which is better than expected, and I think it is even higher than your medium-term guidance which is around low 60%. Could you please talk about the driv...
Show response
Noémie cited two drivers: transaction revenue growth and significant multi-year technology investments enabling operating leverage. Ratings analysts equipped with automation tools to focus on committees and issuers rather than administrative tasks. Continuing to invest in analytical staff, private credit capabilities, commercial efforts, and methodology groups.
Calendar 2025 Q2
Research & Insights was better than expected. Could you please unpack a little bit more on the driver of this strength? Is it mainly driven by Research Assistant
Show response
Noémie cited Research Assistant plus platform enhancements (search precision, earnings calls, news integration). Rob described tiered AI adoption: large banks pulling data into their orchestration platforms, mid-tier banks getting AI through CreditLens.
Calendar 2025 Q1
could you please add more color on the revenue model of the independent risk assessments? What are the use cases
Show response
Rob declined to disclose revenue model but described strong inbound interest from pension funds, long-only investors, and insurance companies. Vision includes building benchmarks, research, and indices over time.
Calendar 2024 Q4
you expect your revenue to grow high single digit even though your ARR is expected to grow high single to low double digit
Show response
Noémie attributed gap to declining transactional revenue and FX. Rob noted Research Assistant driving 25% of R&I ARR growth with weighted sales pipeline double FY2024 total sales.
Show 5 more companies
CMECME Group4 questions · 3 reporting periods · 0 of 4 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q2
could you please talk about the macro backdrop for the second half? What are the key drivers that can sustain these strong hedging activities
Show response
Terry cited unprecedented global debt levels, geopolitical unrest (Russia-Ukraine, Middle East), and ongoing tariff uncertainty as structural risk management drivers.
Calendar 2025 Q1
how much of it is driven by your partnership with Robinhood and how much more you can do with them and launch more products through their platform?
Show response
Julie detailed record retail quarter with revenue up 10%, NCA up 44%, and total micro ADV 3.8M up 13%. Cited Robinhood, Plus 500, Weebo, and eToro as strategic partners.
Calendar 2024 Q4
Would you consider launching more derivative products for tokens other than Bitcoin and Ether? And what does it take to go there?
Show response
Terry emphasized waiting for SEC clarity on security classifications. Tim McCourt highlighted record crypto trading with almost 700,000 contracts on February 3rd.
fourth quarter futures and options RPC, it was $0.701, up from $0.666 in the third quarter because of a mix-shift towards higher-price commodity activity
Show response
Lynne explained tiering is per-asset-class not enterprise-wide, creating downward RPC bias as volumes rise. Terry added pricing considers client constituency, not just notional value.
EFXEquifax4 questions · 2 reporting periods · 0 of 4 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q2
Hi, good morning. Thank you for taking my question. So going back to Fendi's core, Mark, I understand that it may be too
Show response
Management addressed the question directly with specific data points.
Got it. That's helpful. And then maybe quickly on consumer lending, it was pretty strong up 19% year over year in the se
Show response
Management addressed the question directly with specific data points.
Calendar 2024 Q4
Hey, good morning. Thank you for taking my question.
Show response
Management addressed the question directly with specific data points.
Got it. So quickly on mortgage assumption, I know there's lots of questions about mortgage already, but you mentioned th
Show response
Management addressed the question directly with specific data points.
CBOECboe Global Markets3 questions · 3 reporting periods · 0 of 3 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q2
Could you please give us an updated thought on attacking the globalization theme? Is there anything you would do differently over the next 12 months?
Show response
Chris Isaacson reiterated import/export strategy: data sales (45% international, 85% of Cloud international) lead to trading activity. Continued focus on APAC sales expansion.
Calendar 2025 Q1
your comp ratio in the first quarter was, like, based on my math, was, like, 20.6%. I'm just wondering how we should think about the more normalized comp ratio
Show response
Jill explained Q1 expense timing favorability will reverse in Q2-Q4. Short-term incentive accrual will increase given strong results but remains within original $837-$852M guide.
Calendar 2024 Q4
for the succession plan or search, could you please talk about the characteristic of the new CEO, why now, the timing of the search, and how will the search impact the strategy you have put out so ...
Show response
Fred explained he completed his stabilization/strategy objectives and it's time to transition. Declined to share specific CEO criteria but confirmed strong internal team and clear Board vision.
FDSFactSet3 questions · 3 reporting periods · 1 of 3 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q2
It implies that the fiscal 4Q margin has to go down to around 34.6% to hit the midpoint of your full year guidance. So is there any expense or investment we should be aware of for your fourth quart...
Show response
Helen confirmed on track for 36-37% adjusted margin range. Q4 spend picking up on GenAI expertise, acquisition integration, and technology costs.
Calendar 2025 Q1
is it fair to say that the market uncertainty actually helps your data feed business, because people want more data, people want more kind of information that’s why that part of the business outper...
Show response
Phil attributed feed growth to enterprise selling and new products, not market uncertainty. Goran cited high demand for quality data from hedge funds and AI-focused fintechs, with wins in exchange data and options feeds. Helen added Data Management Services concordance growing profitably.
Calendar 2024 Q4
What were the key reasons for the win? Do you have a more competitive pricing strategy or products? And do you expect more wins like that
Show response
Phil cited technology quality, managed services, and partnership approach. Helen highlighted open platform connectivity and flexibility.
CRCLCircle Internet Group2 questions · 2 reporting periods · 0 of 2 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
Could you please add more color on the roadmap of agentic product in the second half of this year? When should we expect to see more revenue contribution from agentic commerce?
Show response
Allaire described agent wallets, policies and open-standard payments plus a 900-service marketplace, saying materiality comes as agents gain identity, discovery and reputation and drive USDC and Arc adoption.
Calendar 2026 Q1
could you please give us an example when Arc token is created, how it will impact the revenue in other revenue line items.
Show response
Fox-Geen said Arc tokens sit at zero cost; once presale obligations complete, their value is recognized as other revenue flowing to RLDC and adjusted EBITDA.
Challenge rate by company
Every company this analyst questioned, most questions first. A company-level rate is shown from 3 questions; below that it is withheld.
| Company | Questions | Challenge rate |
|---|---|---|
| FICO Fair Isaac | 13 | 8%1 of 13 questions |
| COIN Coinbase Global | 8 | 0%none of 8 questions |
| MSCI MSCI | 7 | 0%none of 7 questions |
| NDAQ Nasdaq, Inc. | 7 | 71%5 of 7 questions |
| SPGI S&P Global | 6 | 17%1 of 6 questions |
| MCO Moody's Corporation | 5 | 40%2 of 5 questions |
| CME CME Group | 4 | 0%none of 4 questions |
| EFX Equifax | 4 | 0%none of 4 questions |
| CBOE Cboe Global Markets | 3 | 0%none of 3 questions |
| FDS FactSet | 3 | 33%1 of 3 questions |
- FICOFair Isaac · 13 questions8%1 of 13 questions
- COINCoinbase Global · 8 questions0%none of 8 questions
- MSCIMSCI · 7 questions0%none of 7 questions
- NDAQNasdaq, Inc. · 7 questions71%5 of 7 questions
- SPGIS&P Global · 6 questions17%1 of 6 questions
- MCOMoody's Corporation · 5 questions40%2 of 5 questions
- CMECME Group · 4 questions0%none of 4 questions
- EFXEquifax · 4 questions0%none of 4 questions
- CBOECboe Global Markets · 3 questions0%none of 3 questions
- FDSFactSet · 3 questions33%1 of 3 questions
Activity by reporting period
Questions recorded for each calendar quarter that companies’ reporting periods map to (not the call date), with the challenge rate for that period. Periods inside the range with no questions are shown as “No questions recorded”.
| Calendar period | Questions | Challenge rate | Companies |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Q3 | 2 | 50%1 of 2 questions | 1 |
| 2024 Q4 | 13 | 15%2 of 13 questions | 10 |
| 2025 Q1 | 8 | 13%1 of 8 questions | 8 |
| 2025 Q2 | 12 | 17%2 of 12 questions | 10 |
| 2025 Q3 | 4 | 25%1 of 4 questions | 4 |
| 2025 Q4 | 7 | 14%1 of 7 questions | 6 |
| 2026 Q1 | 8 | 13%1 of 8 questions | 7 |
| 2026 Q2 | 8 | 13%1 of 8 questions | 6 |
- 2024 Q32 questions · challenge rate 50% (1 of 2 questions) · 1 company
- 2024 Q413 questions · challenge rate 15% (2 of 13 questions) · 10 companies
- 2025 Q18 questions · challenge rate 13% (1 of 8 questions) · 8 companies
- 2025 Q212 questions · challenge rate 17% (2 of 12 questions) · 10 companies
- 2025 Q34 questions · challenge rate 25% (1 of 4 questions) · 4 companies
- 2025 Q47 questions · challenge rate 14% (1 of 7 questions) · 6 companies
- 2026 Q18 questions · challenge rate 13% (1 of 8 questions) · 7 companies
- 2026 Q28 questions · challenge rate 13% (1 of 8 questions) · 6 companies
Topics
Topics tagged on this analyst’s questions.
- Competitive Dynamics14
- Revenue Growth12
- Innovation & R&D12
- Demand12
- Product Launch11
- Regulation Policy9
- Guidance Reliability8
- Cloud & AI7
- Margin6
- Subscriber Growth5
Show all 19 topics
- Pricing5
- Capital Allocation3
- M&A3
- Credit3
- Trade Tariffs3
- Capex Investment2
- Geographic Expansion2
- Macroeconomic2
- Cost Pressure1