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Analyst
Rich Greenfield
Period: Reporting periods mapped to calendar 2024 Q3 – 2026 Q2 (8 quarters).
- Questions
- 65on tracked calls
- Challenge rate
- 25%16 of 65 questions
- Companies
- 9questioned at least once
- Reporting periods
- 8with questions
These figures cover the whole profile: every tracked question, all reporting periods.
How to read these numbers
Challenge rate is the share of questions that pushed back, pressed for specifics or questioned management’s assumptions. It describes how questions were asked on the calls tracked here; it does not measure whether any view turned out to be right.
Rounding. Rates are rounded to whole percentages, so a small share can show as 0% even when some questions were challenging. The count beside each rate is exact; “none of N questions” means no question was challenging.
No questions recorded. “—” means there is nothing to calculate: no questions were recorded for that period on the calls tracked here. It does not mean there was no activity.
Fewer than 3 questions. A company-level rate is withheld when fewer than 3 questions were recorded for that company; the questions are still counted everywhere else.
Small samples. Profiles with fewer than 10 questions are marked Limited sample.
Reporting periods. Questions are grouped by the calendar quarter each company’s fiscal reporting period maps to, not by the date of the call. Periods without a calendar mapping are listed separately under their fiscal label.
Questions asked
Grouped by company, most questions first. Open a company to read its questions, newest reporting period first.
Showing 65 of 65 questions from 9 companies
SPOTSpotify Technology S.A.13 questions · 7 reporting periods · 4 of 13 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
How many concert tours have you worked with since? And are you starting to see an uptick in conversion
Show response
Alex gave the ~100,000 tickets figure and noted Live Nation upsizing tours, but framed monetization as value-to-price rather than direct conversion metrics.
Are you surprised more artists have not signed on to the AI music tier to enable you to launch?
Show response
Alex cited the UMG and new Merlin (30,000 labels) deals and the 3 Cs (consent, credit, compensation); Gustav explained a research-preview rollout path.
Calendar 2026 Q1
Why is increased engagement not translating to accelerating ad revenue growth?
Show response
Alex framed the ad-stack rebuild as complete and argued the engagement-to-monetization gap will close over time, but gave no specific timing or ad-revenue metric.
Fitness will undoubtedly drive increased video engagement on Spotify, particularly on TV screens.
Show response
Alex sized the fitness TAM directly, citing 70% of premium users working out monthly and organic fitness-video uploads driving the doubling-down.
Calendar 2025 Q4
The bear thesis on Spotify is that Udio, Suno, Klay and Stability not only enable consumers to create AI music
Show response
Alex rebutted the AI-DSP bear thesis, arguing music breaks and monetizes on Spotify and that rights holders back its controlled, artist-first vision.
Calendar 2025 Q3
you've decelerated from 31% in the third quarter of 2024 to 7% in the third quarter of 2025
Show response
Christian acknowledged the programmatic inflection is further out than expected but reiterated a H2 2026 reacceleration; Alex framed it as 'when, not if.' Partial.
Have you seen any changes to the rate of upgrade from free to premium as a result?
Show response
Gustav pointed to more usage and more active days from free-tier upgrades, citing the 'more you play, the more you pay' thesis, but gave no specific conversion-rate change. Partial.
How significant is TV-based usage to Spotify today as a percentage of overall usage?
Show response
Gustav cast TV as part of the ubiquity/retention strategy driving engagement and active days with room to grow users; advertising benefits but is not the core reason. No TV usage percentage given. Partial.
Calendar 2025 Q2
Your Global Head of Sales, Lee Brown left yesterday for DoorDash.
Show response
Alex directly tied the leadership change to the need to move faster in advertising, while praising Lee Brown's contributions.
What is the organic growth underlying the 5% constant currency growth
Show response
Christian quantified low-double-digit ad growth excluding strategic inventory and SPP changes; Alex framed the podcast/video shift as a positive engagement trade-off.
Calendar 2025 Q1
How big of an opportunity is pricing over the next several years?
Show response
Daniel called pricing a big long-term opportunity that becomes a bigger lever as growth matures; Alex noted churn stays modest even as prices rise.
how you're adding more subs that meaningfully exceeded your expectations while spending less to acquire those subs.
Show response
Alex credited the value-to-price ratio and product-market fit in developed markets; Daniel added organic-media gains and AI-driven marketing efficiency.
Calendar 2024 Q4
Advertising growth remains disappointing, while you're embracing programmatic, there seems to be a disconnect
Show response
Christian candidly admitted Spotify was late shifting to programmatic/performance ads but said the build is largely done.
RDDTReddit, Inc.10 questions · 7 reporting periods · 3 of 10 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
what gives you so much confidence that you are gonna grow to, you know, 100 million logged in users in The US
Show response
Huffman grounded the answer in retention and conversion progress but did not directly address the investor concern about logged-out traffic pressure or the stock reaction.
Do you see any world where you are not licensing data to Google and OpenAI next year?
Show response
Huffman declined to rule anything in or out, framing licensing, blue links and AI overviews as independent decisions rather than one binary outcome.
Calendar 2026 Q1
If you're the oil powering the modern Internet, $50 million to $60 million a year from Google and OpenAI seems like a pimple, I guess. How are the conversations changing heading into 2027 renewals
Show response
Steve acknowledged the data is clearly valuable but gave no specifics on renewal economics, declining to comment on exclusivity.
if I look at weeklies versus dailies, weeklies are actually growing even faster than daily. So engagement on that metric is going down. I'm curious what's driving that?
Show response
Steve did not directly explain the weekly-vs-daily gap, instead reframing around the 100M DAU goal and consistent product improvement.
Calendar 2025 Q4
How do you make it more visually focal focused on by consumers from a homepage standpoint over the course of 2026.
Show response
Steve said Reddit is testing search-bar variants, including a larger top-of-screen bar he prefers, and evolving with AI partners.
Calendar 2025 Q3
what are the best drivers of someone becoming a Reddit app user? Like what determines that activity?
Show response
Steve said the biggest retention driver is following relevant subreddits, so removing barriers to content at first open is key.
Calendar 2025 Q2
is there a world where we could imagine Reddit data being only licensed to 1 LLM and block access to all others
Show response
Steve said it is too soon to define future partnership structures but Reddit's Corpus is growing in importance to the largest players.
Calendar 2025 Q1
on a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being the best, where are you on that journey today? And how should we think about the improvements coming over the coming year?
Show response
Steve declined to give a number, saying Reddit is always 'in the middle' and coexists with search and AI as different products.
Calendar 2024 Q4
is there any way you could sort of give us what was Q4 adjusted for the Google algorithm change so we could see what the underlying growth is
Show response
Steve would not quantify the swing but said Q1 pace felt very good.
What exactly did Google change in the algorithm? I think there's been a lot of views that's sort of Google loves Reddit
Show response
Steve declined to specify the change, saying it was not his place, but expressed no concern given the recovery.
WBDWarner Bros. Discovery10 questions · 6 reporting periods · 1 of 10 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
how many months or how much time do you think it would take to actually effectuate a split of the company if a deal didn't happen
Show response
Zaslav declined to entertain the worst-case split-timing hypothetical, instead reaffirming confidence the Paramount Skydance transaction will close with the company performing above the plan presented to PSKY.
How many films are you making this year? How many films next year?
Show response
Gunnar quantified the slate at 14 films this year rising to 19 next year, citing the creative team, talent relationships, and IP depth (New Line, animation ramp) as the basis for sustaining the higher output.
Calendar 2026 Q1
sports is -- really has a growing importance on streaming platforms. It's why they want to keep ESPN inside of Disney
Show response
JB explained WBD is experimenting with multiple sports models: simulcast in U.S., stand-alone premium in U.K., bundled in Brazil/Mexico, stand-alone in Chile/Argentina. Focused on finding profitable sports streaming model rather than pursuing scale for its own sake.
maybe get your observations, HBO Max as a business and sort of where the product stands today
Show response
JB Perrette gave a comprehensive business review: mid-90M to nearly 140M+ subs, $2B loss to $1.4B profit, highlighted operating leverage acceleration and multiple remaining growth levers including ad sales, wholesale-to-retail conversion, and Harry Potter.
Calendar 2025 Q4
do you see any issues with Discovery Global being three to four times levered given the free cash flow dynamics of DG right now
Show response
Gunnar confirmed DG at ~3.3x net leverage, expects single-B or low double-B ratings. Emphasized international ad sales flat to slightly up, fundamentally different trends than domestic. $0-2B debt allocation wiggle room disclosed in proxy.
Calendar 2025 Q2
does the engagement look for those ad-supported subs that you're bringing on versus those that sign up for HBO Max
Show response
JB said partnerships trending above activation expectations. Upsell capabilities from ad-lite to ad-free driving additional ARPU with WBD taking majority of upsell economics.
Calendar 2025 Q1
what Q1 would have looked like. If you peel back NBA ad revenue and the cost -- all costs sort of associated with it
Show response
Gunnar quantified ~$300M sports cost increase in 2025 concentrated in Q2 with moderate headwind in Q3, turning to tailwind from Q4 and very significant improvement in 2026.
Calendar 2024 Q4
how should we think about the net sports cost savings for ’26 versus ’25
Show response
Gunnar quantified several hundred million dollars of sports expense reduction in 2026, though noted some associated ad revenue also drops.
given your renting sports comment, should investors assume that you don’t have interest in any of those sports rights
Show response
Zaslav emphasized WBD doesn't need more sports and prefers investing in long-cycle IP like Harry Potter and DC, where returns extend to merchandising and parks.
do you get any type of minimum penetration guarantees for Max when you include it as a wholesale
Show response
JB confirmed a mixed approach, soft bundles have no commitments, hard bundles in various markets do have carriage commitments, citing Sky UK as an example.
NFLXNetflix, Inc.9 questions · 7 reporting periods · 2 of 9 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
How should we think about reports of Netflix bringing back free trials in select markets
Show response
Peters confirmed free-trial tests for non-rejoining new members in several countries as part of test-and-learn.
the integration of TF1 in France, Is that integration driving higher engagement for Netflix
Show response
Peters said it is four weeks in with promising early results and openness to similar deals that serve members.
Calendar 2026 Q1
Nielsen adjusted their methodology—the end result was lower streaming viewership and higher broadcast and cable viewership
Show response
Peters dismissed the impact as purely methodological with no change in actual consumer behavior; $3 billion ad revenue target unchanged. Netflix has actual streaming data independent of Nielsen.
Reed Hastings preferred to build versus buy. Was Netflix, Inc.’s decision to pursue Warner Brothers a key factor
Show response
Sarandos directly denied any connection; said Reed championed the WB deal and the board unanimously supported it. Departure is personal timing, not deal-related.
Calendar 2025 Q4
how directly tied is engagement to churn and pricing power as you started taking talking more openly
Show response
Peters said total view hours +2% in 2025 with branded originals +9% in H2; retention industry-leading and Q4 churn improved YoY; engagement quality is the key outcome metric.
Calendar 2025 Q3
Are you testing premium tier free trials? We recently, meaning Rich, recently opened Netflix, Inc.
Show response
Peters said Netflix tests and productizes offers like 4K upgrade prompts; a range of plans and features yields better member satisfaction, engagement and retention over time.
Calendar 2025 Q2
help us understand why your new UI/UX is so important as you expand live content
Show response
Peters said the new UI is outperforming prelaunch testing and is built for Netflix's wider content mix (TV, film, games, live); real-time recs respond dynamically to member needs by time.
Calendar 2025 Q1
Does your price increase cadence change due to the global economic uncertainty, or is that outweighed by
Show response
Peters reiterated the value-first pricing philosophy and said Netflix has kept the flywheel spinning through prior tough economies; low-price ads plan adds accessibility.
Calendar 2024 Q4
Has the fight and WWE Raw results influenced your decision process on additional rights like the UFC?
Show response
Sarandos declined to comment on the UFC specifically but detailed WWE Raw week-one traction, framing economics discipline as the binding constraint on future deals.
SNAPSnap Inc.9 questions · 7 reporting periods · 1 of 9 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
what preorder volumes look like and what that's telling you about demand heading into the launch event in September
Show response
Evan described strong interest but declined to disclose preorder volumes; largely qualitative.
Calendar 2026 Q1
how much of that downdraft in ad revenue is being caused by the drop in North American DAUs
Show response
Evan attributed weakness to the large-customer segment, noting monetizable DAU has grown in North America; direct.
Calendar 2025 Q4
are you marketing it differently? Are there new features that you added?
Show response
Evan credited Memories Storage Plans for subscriber growth and improved retention; direct.
Calendar 2025 Q3
will your ad sales team be selling ad units that appear in Perplexity
Show response
Evan said Perplexity controls responses, Snap won't sell ads against them, and the $400M recognizes from 2026 rollout; direct.
the reason why we're seeing that leverage in cost of revenue is because you're not paying out to content owners
Show response
Derek attributed gross-margin gains to a mix shift toward higher-margin Sponsored Snaps and Spotlight surfaces; direct.
Calendar 2025 Q2
do you have the capital to pursue the vision on your own? Or do you need partners to bring this to fruition
Show response
Evan said ~$400M trailing FCF funds Specs at low cost of capital, with partnerships also an opportunity into launch; direct.
what's happening with brand advertising because I don't think you disclosed it this quarter
Show response
Derek said brand revenue was flat and the deceleration and auction issue hit DR advertising; direct.
Calendar 2025 Q1
what will it take to deliver 20% plus growth in the DR business?
Show response
Evan listed model/signal improvements, app GBB and DPA roadmap, Sponsored Snaps and go-to-market leadership as DR accelerants; direct.
Calendar 2024 Q4
how should we think about the growth potential in terms of not just subscribers and ARPU
Show response
Evan pointed to personalization features and potential price increases (US annual plan ~$2.50/month) to grow ARPU; direct.
SKYDSkydance Corporation6 questions · 5 reporting periods · 1 of 6 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
Do you foresee Paramount+ becoming a platform or have you consciously decided to remain a standalone service?
Show response
Asked platform versus standalone for Paramount+; Ellison reframed around WBD scale and consumer convenience rather than a direct commitment.
Calendar 2026 Q1
how fast can you move the goalposts on engagement, and how does the UI/tech stack rebuild this summer play into that step-change
Show response
David listed upcoming content (The Agency, Star Trek, Lioness, 1923, Tulsa King, Dutton Ranch, WNBA) and tech convergence timeline. Andy noted UFC viewers averaging 15 years younger, Pluto VOD up 60% per user. On channel stores: case-by-case evaluation looking for win-wins.
Calendar 2025 Q3
how do we think about how you drive return and how you'll use the UFC assets across Paramount plus, CBS and even maybe some of your cable networks
Show response
David emphasized UFC as unicorn sports property (year-round, event-based, not split across platforms), 100M US fans, 25% growth since 2019. Jeff added UFC perfectly fills summer sports desert that caused seasonal churn.
the projections you made, and I realize this transaction took way longer to close than you had expected
Show response
Andy attributed the decline from $4.1B to $3.5B to increased content investments (UFC, South Park, talent deals) offset by higher efficiency targets ($3B vs $2B). Did not quantify content write-down dollar amount, describing only 'appropriate economic and accounting adjustments.'
Calendar 2025 Q1
I'm curious why you haven't sought to acquire 101 Studios to be fully vertically integrated with Taylor
Show response
Chris explained Taylor Sheridan and 101 are separate entities, Paramount has exclusive through 2028 and owns all IP. Defended current structure as having proper incentives. Noted model has been used as playbook for other creatives like Jez Butterworth.
Calendar 2024 Q3
I want to understand, what's happening in terms of not being able to sell advertising against Nielsen data. Have you seen any material impact in Q4 from not having Nielsen data
Show response
Cheeks framed the Nielsen dispute as a value-for-money issue, noting they would not want fees for certain networks to exceed the ad revenue those networks generate. Confirmed no adverse ad revenue impact to date and none expected in Q4. Disclosed TV Media has approximately 6,000+ domestic and 3,000+ international employees including sports production infrastructure and 27 local stations.
Show 3 more companies
PINSPinterest, Inc.3 questions · 3 reporting periods · 2 of 3 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q3
how do you know what's AI-generated, what's not, and why did you make that decision?
Show response
Bill said GenAI content is a tailwind and user choice supplements recommender-system content-quality filtering.
Calendar 2025 Q1
when you talk about ROAS on Pinterest, it's a long game because consumers pin things and then they come back
Show response
Bill called the view half right, saying users now click and convert directly, though advertiser adoption is still a cycle.
Calendar 2024 Q4
Should we take your comments on WOW's growing substantially faster than MAUs to mean
Show response
Bill emphasized deepening engagement and record WAU/MAU ratio but did not quantify a domestic TAM.
ROKURoku, Inc.3 questions · 3 reporting periods · 0 of 3 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
How soon does this roll out more broadly, and what are you seeing early in terms of impact on subscription uptake or advertising?
Show response
Anthony directly said the rollout is near with encouraging engagement and monetization results.
Calendar 2025 Q2
the bundling opportunities of other services, other streaming services with Frndly now that you own it?
Show response
Anthony described bundling as a focus area and roadmap item without specifics.
Calendar 2024 Q4
I'm curious how you think about the lifetime value in impact of a Roku active account subscriber
Show response
Anthony declined to comment on churn rates by segment, giving only a general reassurance.
DISThe Walt Disney Company2 questions · 2 reporting periods · 2 of 2 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
Are these designed to offset continued weakness in international visitation? Do they signal any increased concerns
Show response
Josh said promotions are a routine targeting tool for specific guest segments, not a health signal; with 4% per cap growth alongside volume, Disney is not discounting its way to attendance.
Calendar 2026 Q1
he's curious what you mean by digital center piece? Does it imply a shift away from third-party licensing
Show response
Josh defined the hub-and-spoke model: franchise IP stays exclusive on Disney+, general entertainment can find audiences elsewhere, and Epic Games serves as an acquisition spoke reaching younger audiences.
Challenge rate by company
Every company this analyst questioned, most questions first. A company-level rate is shown from 3 questions; below that it is withheld.
| Company | Questions | Challenge rate |
|---|---|---|
| SPOT Spotify Technology S.A. | 13 | 31%4 of 13 questions |
| RDDT Reddit, Inc. | 10 | 30%3 of 10 questions |
| WBD Warner Bros. Discovery | 10 | 10%1 of 10 questions |
| NFLX Netflix, Inc. | 9 | 22%2 of 9 questions |
| SNAP Snap Inc. | 9 | 11%1 of 9 questions |
| SKYD Skydance Corporation | 6 | 17%1 of 6 questions |
| PINS Pinterest, Inc. | 3 | 67%2 of 3 questions |
| ROKU Roku, Inc. | 3 | 0%none of 3 questions |
| DIS The Walt Disney Company | 2 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
- SPOTSpotify Technology S.A. · 13 questions31%4 of 13 questions
- RDDTReddit, Inc. · 10 questions30%3 of 10 questions
- WBDWarner Bros. Discovery · 10 questions10%1 of 10 questions
- NFLXNetflix, Inc. · 9 questions22%2 of 9 questions
- SNAPSnap Inc. · 9 questions11%1 of 9 questions
- SKYDSkydance Corporation · 6 questions17%1 of 6 questions
- PINSPinterest, Inc. · 3 questions67%2 of 3 questions
- ROKURoku, Inc. · 3 questions0%none of 3 questions
- DISThe Walt Disney Company · 2 questions—rate withheld: under 3 questions
Activity by reporting period
Questions recorded for each calendar quarter that companies’ reporting periods map to (not the call date), with the challenge rate for that period. Periods inside the range with no questions are shown as “No questions recorded”.
| Calendar period | Questions | Challenge rate | Companies |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Q3 | 1 | 0%none of 1 question | 1 |
| 2024 Q4 | 10 | 10%1 of 10 questions | 7 |
| 2025 Q1 | 8 | 25%2 of 8 questions | 7 |
| 2025 Q2 | 8 | 13%1 of 8 questions | 6 |
| 2025 Q3 | 10 | 20%2 of 10 questions | 6 |
| 2025 Q4 | 5 | 40%2 of 5 questions | 5 |
| 2026 Q1 | 12 | 50%6 of 12 questions | 8 |
| 2026 Q2 | 11 | 18%2 of 11 questions | 7 |
- 2024 Q31 question · challenge rate 0% (none of 1 question) · 1 company
- 2024 Q410 questions · challenge rate 10% (1 of 10 questions) · 7 companies
- 2025 Q18 questions · challenge rate 25% (2 of 8 questions) · 7 companies
- 2025 Q28 questions · challenge rate 13% (1 of 8 questions) · 6 companies
- 2025 Q310 questions · challenge rate 20% (2 of 10 questions) · 6 companies
- 2025 Q45 questions · challenge rate 40% (2 of 5 questions) · 5 companies
- 2026 Q112 questions · challenge rate 50% (6 of 12 questions) · 8 companies
- 2026 Q211 questions · challenge rate 18% (2 of 11 questions) · 7 companies
Topics
Topics tagged on this analyst’s questions.
- Subscriber Growth22
- Competitive Dynamics20
- Product Launch17
- Demand14
- Revenue Growth12
- Pricing10
- Cloud & AI7
- Innovation & R&D6
- M&A4
- Capex Investment4
Show all 17 topics
- Margin4
- Guidance Reliability3
- Capital Allocation3
- Geographic Expansion2
- Cost Pressure2
- Regulation Policy1
- Macroeconomic1