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Analyst
Ryan Krueger
Period: Reporting periods mapped to calendar 2024 Q4 – 2026 Q2 (7 quarters; questions recorded in 6).
- Questions
- 59on tracked calls
- Challenge rate
- 7%4 of 59 questions
- Companies
- 6questioned at least once
- Reporting periods
- 6with questions
These figures cover the whole profile: every tracked question, all reporting periods.
How to read these numbers
Challenge rate is the share of questions that pushed back, pressed for specifics or questioned management’s assumptions. It describes how questions were asked on the calls tracked here; it does not measure whether any view turned out to be right.
Rounding. Rates are rounded to whole percentages, so a small share can show as 0% even when some questions were challenging. The count beside each rate is exact; “none of N questions” means no question was challenging.
No questions recorded. “—” means there is nothing to calculate: no questions were recorded for that period on the calls tracked here. It does not mean there was no activity.
Fewer than 3 questions. A company-level rate is withheld when fewer than 3 questions were recorded for that company; the questions are still counted everywhere else.
Small samples. Profiles with fewer than 10 questions are marked Limited sample.
Reporting periods. Questions are grouped by the calendar quarter each company’s fiscal reporting period maps to, not by the date of the call. Periods without a calendar mapping are listed separately under their fiscal label.
Questions asked
Grouped by company, most questions first. Open a company to read its questions, newest reporting period first.
Showing 59 of 59 questions from 6 companies
METMetLife12 questions · 6 reporting periods · 0 of 12 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
based on your business portfolio would be potential areas you'd be interested in adding to if something comes about?
Show response
Khalaf named asset management and group as the two most likely M&A areas, stressing a disciplined, high-bar approach.
there'll be any need to pass through some of these -- this favorability to customers through pricing actions?
Show response
Tadros said margins would normalize gradually over the 3-to-5-year renewal cycle, not in a single quarter or 2027.
Calendar 2026 Q1
Can you talk a little bit more about the positive dynamics you're seeing that drove this?
Show response
Lyndon detailed Japan growth across life, A&H (up 77%), and annuities. Noted yen/dollar product mix was 50-50 and Korea was up 44%. Expects some moderation given tough comps.
could you give us a little more color on the key drivers that impacted this quarter?
Show response
Ramy cited three drivers: seasonal dental utilization, new paid family leave programs with higher upfront claims, and slightly elevated LTD severity. Expects moderation in H2.
Calendar 2025 Q3
I think you typically do have some expense seasonality in the fourth quarter. Can you give us any rough magnitude of what to expect there?
Show response
Michel Khalaf confirmed Q4 seasonality typical but full year expected well below 12.1% target. Cited belt-tightening directive to teams, $3B+ in technology investments over 5 years, and proprietary MetIQ AI platform blending generative, agentic, and classical AI capabilities.
Can you provide some additional color on the strength that you saw? What were the key drivers? And what do you think will -- to what extent can this momentum continue going forward?
Show response
Lyndon Oliver detailed Japan up 31% from new single premium FX Life and yen variable life products. Korea and China driving rest of Asia up 39%. Expects momentum to continue into Q4 and to exceed full year sales guidance.
Calendar 2025 Q2
on retirement spread, would you expect them to continue to be stable with the first half of the year and the second half of the year?
Show response
John McCallion expects spreads ex-VII stable, with a few bps of Q3 seasonality from wholly-owned hotel real estate investments, reverting to low 100s in Q4. Also flagged Chariot Re launch reducing liability exposures and creating $15-20M short-term RIS earnings headwind.
Could you give a little bit more color on the strong sales in both Japan and Korea and your thoughts on that if that can continue going forward?
Show response
Lyndon Oliver detailed Japan up 10% H1 driven by new single premium FX product launch and yen strengthening tailwind. Korea up 41% H1 from USD-denominated products leveraging Japan expertise. Expects top end of Asia sales guidance range.
Calendar 2025 Q1
in group benefits, PFO growth, I think ex participating policies was towards the lower end of your target. Can you give a little bit more color on what you're seeing
Show response
Ramy Tadros explained 2% reported growth masked by participating contract mortality impact and dental repricing actions on 1/1 renewals. Underlying growth ~4%. Expects full year reported to be back in line with 4-7% guidance.
To what extent is it influencing changes in how you're managing the company, I guess, for example, are you -- would you anticipate any changes to the capital management strategy or the expense stra...
Show response
Michel Khalaf emphasized all-weather strategy remains intact with no changes to capital management. Noted focus on controlling discretionary expenses while maintaining strategic growth investments.
Calendar 2024 Q4
Can you give some additional details and color on one-one renewals, what you saw in terms of competition pricing
Show response
Ramy Tadros gave detailed response on strong renewals, dental pricing actions, and persistency. Directly addressed competition and pricing dynamics.
are you starting to see any level of lean in that market as plan sponsors might be more concerned about this lawsuit activity
Show response
Ramy emphasized the well-established market, strong pipeline, and no material impact from lawsuits on PRT activity.
PFGPrincipal Financial Group12 questions · 6 reporting periods · 2 of 12 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
was hoping to get a little bit more color on what you are seeing and thinking for the back half of the year.
Show response
Kamal explained outflows are concentrated in ~5% of AUM, expects normalization over time, and cited a ~$10B committed-not-funded pipeline.
I think the fee rate has trended down a bit in investment management.
Show response
Kamal attributed fee-rate softness to volatile markets and mix, quantified severance at ~$7 million, and expects stabilization from private markets growth.
Calendar 2026 Q1
Can you provide some more color on the favorable underwriting experience you had across dental, life and disability and also just how you're thinking about the outlook from here
Show response
Amy noted 58.5% loss ratio driven by group life low frequency and dental pricing plus network optimization flowing through. Group disability consistent with prior quarters. Q2 dental seasonally higher but full year loss ratio expected at low end or slightly below guided range.
why do you -- have you been seeing higher redemptions? And how do you think that may play out from here?
Show response
Kamal attributed redemptions to concentrated activity in US active equity mutual funds from asset allocation and advisory model changes. Asia had standout $1.1B positive NCF, international clients $1.5B positive. Expects nonaffiliated NCF to improve as redemptions normalize. Pipeline very strong.
Calendar 2025 Q3
Can you talk a little bit about any changes you're seeing in investor sentiment from your clients in particular appetite for the areas that you're focused on
Show response
Kamal highlighted positive NCF across multiple channels: global institutional, US retail platform, and local managed products in Asia and Latin America. Active ETF AUM grew over $3B in 12 months. Real estate gaining market share with momentum in emerging market fixed income.
Are performance fees still expected to be fairly modest in the fourth quarter? Has anything changed?
Show response
Kamal noted transaction and borrower fees showing 10-20% year-over-year improvement as markets unclog but still below long-term potential. Longer term performance fees expected to tick up. Deanna emphasized 5% management fee growth as the durable momentum driver.
Calendar 2025 Q2
you've also seen withdrawals be somewhat elevated, which has you know, led to flows not improving anymore. Can you give a little bit more color on the withdrawal side of things
Show response
Kamal detailed US outflows from active rebalancing away from REITs and small cap plus reallocation into nontraditional assets. International clients very strong with $10B quarterly sales up 50% year over year. Asia institutional approaching $50B AUM with sovereign wealth fund wins.
can you talk a little bit more about what you're seeing in dental both both from top line standpoint as well as as a as a loss ratio standpoint
Show response
Amy noted dental still competitive on new sales but competitor renewal rates rising which may create opportunity in late 2025 into 2026. Principal prioritizing right upfront pricing over volume. Dental loss ratio improved 50bp in quarter. Seasonal pattern means second half markedly better.
Calendar 2025 Q1
One of your competitors a few weeks ago said they were seeing elevated hardship withdrawals. Is that something you're seeing at all?
Show response
Chris confirmed no significant increase in loans or hardship withdrawals. Participant withdrawal rate stabilized. Dollar amounts up in line with higher average account values.
Could you talk a little bit about client behavior in your asset management business, I guess, amidst the elevated market volatility
Show response
Kamal highlighted net revenue rate increasing substantially on new mandates, RFP activity at 40% of annual run rate in Q1, and increased business-now vs business-later activity.
Calendar 2024 Q4
There has been more talk of, I guess, particularly by alternative asset managers about getting more private assets within 401(k) plans
Show response
Chris noted significant opportunity but cited regulatory hurdles and liquidity challenges. Expects privates packaged in target dates or managed accounts first.
can you provide some initial thoughts on the pension reform that was passed in Chile and how to think about how that may impact Principal going forward
Show response
Deanna and Kamal addressed reform positives (DC system reaffirmation, reduced costs) but noted it will take time. Direct, balanced response.
PRUPrudential Financial12 questions · 6 reporting periods · 0 of 12 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
Are there any other areas that you're looking to pull back from
Show response
Sullivan reaffirmed the go-forward footprint is global retirement, global asset management, and select US insurance (Group and Individual Life), with Japan a key part rotating toward retirement.
anything you can help us with to think about free cash flow uplift
Show response
Del Frias pointed to scaling capital-light and fee-based businesses like PGIM to lift free cash flow generation and capital efficiency, but did not quantify a conversion target.
Calendar 2026 Q1
Any change to your corporate guidance that you had given last quarter, given the favorable expenses this quarter
Show response
Del Frias confirmed no update to $1.65B corporate expense guidance, noting $70M of one-timers in Q1 with lighter first half and heavier second half expected.
Can you give us some more color on just what factors led to this in the current quarter
Show response
Del Frias explained POJ impact is not linear and grows through the year, but 90% in-force earnings provide resilience. Also noted $50 million total prepays benefiting results episodically.
Calendar 2025 Q3
one alternative that could limit that would be pursuing more variable annuity risk transfer
Show response
Andy broadened beyond VA to other areas. 60%+ reduction achieved. Healthy transaction market with plenty of capital and counterparties. Will continue assessing opportunities without providing specifics.
you had announced that you were pursuing a strategic partnership with The Dai-ichi. Is there anything you can provide in terms of an update
Show response
Andy confirmed partnership off to good start. Phase 1: distributing Dai-ichi's cancer product through Life Planners, managing material assets including private credit approaching $1B. Regular CEO-to-CEO meetings. Menu of expansion items but earning trust through execution first.
Calendar 2025 Q2
can you give an update on the U.S. pension risk transfer market and why you think it slowed down
Show response
Andy noted small-end volume remained strong while jumbo space quieter. Key driver is macro uncertainty/volatility. Litigation potentially having some impact. $3T untransacted liabilities and 105% funded status support long-term outlook.
it sounds like it's something that you're doing to try to improve margins and expenses, but also growth. So can you give a little bit more perspective on that
Show response
Andy explained move from 20-year-old multi-manager model to one PGIM. Combining public/private credit, collapsing 5 sales forces to 1. Will help drive towards top end of 25-30% margin target faster through expense efficiency and cross-sell revenue.
Calendar 2025 Q1
I was hoping you could expand on what you mean by that, and if that was more about where you're organically allocating capital to grow or if that refers more to things that could involve M&A or div...
Show response
Andy framed capital deployment as a continuous discipline, stating uses could evolve over time as markets change, but declined to get specific about any planned changes.
Is that something that you think you can get into the range this year, or will it potentially take some time through this three-year period
Show response
Andy acknowledged Q1 margins were disappointing due to seasonal comp expenses and volatility hitting seed/co-investments. Cited three paths to 30%: J-curve investments bearing fruit, recovering real estate/fixed income markets, and expense discipline.
Calendar 2024 Q4
Can you give more color on how you may use that capital over time? Are you holding it for potential opportunistic M&A
Show response
Yanela gave broad response about balancing financial strength, business investment, and shareholder returns without specific allocation details.
Do you think this will have any impact on Prudential's transaction pipeline, or do you view this more as a one-off issue
Show response
Caroline strongly defended PRT industry, noting strong funded statuses and favorable market conditions supporting continued active pipeline.
AFLAflac10 questions · 5 reporting periods · 0 of 10 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
to what extent do you see additional opportunities to do more of this going forward?
Show response
Brad Dyslin detailed the switch-trade strategy that harvested FX gains to offset losses on lower-yielding bonds and signaled a large ongoing opportunity from the higher-rate environment.
is there any practical limit in your view of what percentage or amount of your Japan sales you'd be willing to have come from the first sector
Show response
Max Broden explained there is no fixed mix limit, that first sector is under 20% of in-force, and the driver is risk-adjusted return, with Koide reinforcing the strategic role of Tsumitasu in reaching younger customers.
Calendar 2026 Q1
could you talk a little bit about how big of an opportunity you think that is perhaps for Aflac, I guess, over time?
Show response
Max indicated Japan reinsurance could become material, citing AA rating advantage, market expertise, and balance sheet diversification benefits from mortality/longevity/spread risk.
Can you just talk about the key drivers of expected improvement in the benefit ratio as the year goes on towards the 60% to 63% outlook?
Show response
Max detailed three drivers: underlying experience trends, net premium ratio mix, and lapsation mix effects. Confirmed confidence in full-year 60-63% range.
Calendar 2025 Q3
you had a 64% to 66% Japan benefit ratio target over the next few years coming into this year. Following the assumption review in Japan, do you think that's still a good range?
Show response
Max confirmed 64-66% range still appropriate with tailwinds from 130bp lower net premium ratio and mix shift toward third sector. Expects to start at high end and trend lower throughout forecast period.
When it comes to inorganic, are you mostly looking at smaller things that would add capabilities? Or would you actually consider something more meaningful?
Show response
Max confirmed no change in M&A philosophy. Virgil noted focus remains on scaling life/disability and dental platforms. Max added niche businesses make both finding and integrating acquisitions difficult.
Calendar 2025 Q2
do you think you'll continue to see stronger cancer sales for the balance of the year because of the new product launch?
Show response
Yoshizumi attributed strong performance to Miraito's flexible protection design, Yorisou Cancer Consultation Service, and positive results across all channels.
there was like -- there was -- seems to be a step-up in the NII in Japan. Can you give a little bit more color on things that benefited your NII trajectory there?
Show response
Brad detailed NII drivers: alternatives seasonality, make-whole call, accelerated deployment at attractive spreads, and JGB switch trades. Optimistic on solid Q3 but cautioned about variability.
Calendar 2025 Q1
Can you talk more about the offset though within the rest of the organization that would -- I believe you're more economically insensitive on a consolidated basis?
Show response
Max detailed economic hedge components: $2.7B forward contracts at Inc, $4.4B yen debt, plus future higher dividends in dollar terms from Japan offsetting other FX impacts.
should that be our expectation that in the second quarter, you'll see a pretty meaningful positive impact from the cancer launch?
Show response
Brief but direct confirmation that Q2 should see meaningful positive cancer sales impact from full Miraito launch across all channels.
GLGlobe Life7 questions · 5 reporting periods · 2 of 7 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
Can you quantify the potential capital impact of the planned session to Bermuda in the third quarter.
Show response
Kalmbach said the Q3 in-force cession balances Bermuda new-business capacity but yields no 2026 capital benefit and only partial benefit in 2027, emerging over the 3-5 year plan.
I am a little surprised that you have increased the expectation for remeasurement gains in the assumption review
Show response
Kalmbach tied the raised remeasurement gains to improved morbidity at AIL, Family Heritage and Liberty National, framing higher Liberty cancer claims as a fluctuation, not a trend.
Calendar 2026 Q1
I would have thought there would be some improvement given the lower net premium ratio after you factor in the remeasurement from the assumption review
Show response
Q4 seasonality offsets net premium ratio benefit. Changes from assumption updates are relatively small incremental adjustments. Normalized margin settling around 41%, obligation ratio improvements offset by rising DAC amortization from American Income renewal commissions. Stable at this level going forward.
Calendar 2025 Q3
Can you give us a couple more details on your 2026 guidance in terms of admin expenses and excess NII growth?
Show response
Admin expenses stable at 7.3% of premium. NII growth ~3%, required interest ~4%. Financing costs expected down slightly from floating rate exposure. Buybacks assumed at $600-700M minus $85M dividends, spread evenly.
Calendar 2025 Q2
the expected benefits are likely to start emerging in 2027 and beyond. Is that right?
Show response
Confirmed 2027 start for Bermuda benefits. Better timing clarity expected after Q3 business plan finalization.
trying to think about what your free cash flow conversion could look like following Bermuda. It seems like maybe it could be about 60% or so
Show response
Confirmed ~60% FCF conversion target aligns with Bermuda strategy. Provides parent flexibility for capital management and returning excess to shareholders.
Calendar 2025 Q1
you just have the full year free cash flow expectation for this year?
Show response
Unchanged at $785-835M. Run rate going forward estimated at $500-600M (midpoint) after one-time reinsurance and valuation manual benefits roll off.
AMPAmeriprise Financial6 questions · 4 reporting periods · 0 of 6 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
you mentioned selectively changing adviser programs to generate I think, better organic net new assets
Show response
Described a spectrum of adviser succession, growth and remote-advisory (PWG) programs as more profitable and retention-focused, but kept the impact qualitative.
Calendar 2025 Q3
just any update on the Signature Wealth rollout and how that's been going so far
Show response
Jim reported very positive early traction with Signature Wealth. Getting both new assets and conversions from other Wrap programs. Described it as one of their best product launches.
On the client cash within the wealth management platform that is in non-Ameriprise products, have you started to see any movement there
Show response
Jim noted third-party money market rates still around 3.25%, not enough to drive fundamental reallocation. Expects adjustments as people rethink markets and fixed income over time.
Calendar 2025 Q1
Are they pulling back at all from transactional activity? Or putting new money to work
Show response
Jim said no change in the flow picture so far. Some days clients are concerned, some see opportunity. Ameriprise keeps them focused on long-term investing.
They were down 5% in the quarter. Can you give some commentary on how you're thinking about G&A for the rest of the year?
Show response
Walter indicated consolidated G&A roughly flat for the full year, balancing transformation savings against activity growth and continued investments.
Calendar 2024 Q4
you saw a pretty big increase in organic growth in the fourth quarter to 8% from the more recent 6% trend
Show response
Jim indicated flow trends look consistent but cautioned January is difficult to extrapolate. No fundamental change seen but too early for quarterly call.
Challenge rate by company
Every company this analyst questioned, most questions first. A company-level rate is shown from 3 questions; below that it is withheld.
| Company | Questions | Challenge rate |
|---|---|---|
| MET MetLife | 12 | 0%none of 12 questions |
| PFG Principal Financial Group | 12 | 17%2 of 12 questions |
| PRU Prudential Financial | 12 | 0%none of 12 questions |
| AFL Aflac | 10 | 0%none of 10 questions |
| GL Globe Life | 7 | 29%2 of 7 questions |
| AMP Ameriprise Financial | 6 | 0%none of 6 questions |
- METMetLife · 12 questions0%none of 12 questions
- PFGPrincipal Financial Group · 12 questions17%2 of 12 questions
- PRUPrudential Financial · 12 questions0%none of 12 questions
- AFLAflac · 10 questions0%none of 10 questions
- GLGlobe Life · 7 questions29%2 of 7 questions
- AMPAmeriprise Financial · 6 questions0%none of 6 questions
Activity by reporting period
Questions recorded for each calendar quarter that companies’ reporting periods map to (not the call date), with the challenge rate for that period. Periods inside the range with no questions are shown as “No questions recorded”.
| Calendar period | Questions | Challenge rate | Companies |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Q4 | 7 | 0%none of 7 questions | 4 |
| 2025 Q1 | 11 | 9%1 of 11 questions | 6 |
| 2025 Q2 | 10 | 0%none of 10 questions | 5 |
| 2025 Q3 | 11 | 0%none of 11 questions | 6 |
| 2025 Q4 | No questions recorded | — | — |
| 2026 Q1 | 9 | 22%2 of 9 questions | 5 |
| 2026 Q2 | 11 | 9%1 of 11 questions | 6 |
- 2024 Q47 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 7 questions) · 4 companies
- 2025 Q111 questions · challenge rate 9% (1 of 11 questions) · 6 companies
- 2025 Q210 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 10 questions) · 5 companies
- 2025 Q311 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 11 questions) · 6 companies
- 2025 Q4No questions recorded
- 2026 Q19 questions · challenge rate 22% (2 of 9 questions) · 5 companies
- 2026 Q211 questions · challenge rate 9% (1 of 11 questions) · 6 companies
Topics
Topics tagged on this analyst’s questions.
- Margin17
- Demand15
- Competitive Dynamics14
- Capital Allocation12
- Geographic Expansion8
- Revenue Growth7
- Product Launch6
- M&A5
- Pricing5
- Cost Pressure5
Show all 17 topics
- Macroeconomic4
- Regulation Policy4
- Guidance Reliability3
- Innovation & R&D3
- Labor Market2
- Capex Investment1
- Fx1