Start 30 days free, no card. Full Pro access for a month, then decide. Start free
Analyst
Angel Castillo
Period: Reporting periods mapped to calendar 2024 Q4 – 2026 Q3 (8 quarters).
- Questions
- 70on tracked calls
- Challenge rate
- 9%6 of 70 questions
- Companies
- 9questioned at least once
- Reporting periods
- 8with questions
These figures cover the whole profile: every tracked question, all reporting periods.
How to read these numbers
Challenge rate is the share of questions that pushed back, pressed for specifics or questioned management’s assumptions. It describes how questions were asked on the calls tracked here; it does not measure whether any view turned out to be right.
Rounding. Rates are rounded to whole percentages, so a small share can show as 0% even when some questions were challenging. The count beside each rate is exact; “none of N questions” means no question was challenging.
No questions recorded. “—” means there is nothing to calculate: no questions were recorded for that period on the calls tracked here. It does not mean there was no activity.
Fewer than 3 questions. A company-level rate is withheld when fewer than 3 questions were recorded for that company; the questions are still counted everywhere else.
Small samples. Profiles with fewer than 10 questions are marked Limited sample.
Reporting periods. Questions are grouped by the calendar quarter each company’s fiscal reporting period maps to, not by the date of the call. Periods without a calendar mapping are listed separately under their fiscal label.
Questions asked
Grouped by company, most questions first. Open a company to read its questions, newest reporting period first.
Showing 70 of 70 questions from 9 companies
PCARPaccar14 questions · 7 reporting periods · 2 of 14 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
wanted to get an update on how some of your partnerships with Aurora are progressing
Show response
Feight named the partners and stated there are no plans to remove the driver at this point.
create the ability for some competitors to ultimately sell the current engine at no incremental penalty?
Show response
Feight declined to speculate on competitor credit strategies; the answer was also cut short by a technical interruption.
Calendar 2026 Q1
are there any other factors keeping it from being a more material step up quarter over quarter
Show response
Management explained Q2 margin improvement driven by volume with competitive pricing pressure and tariff pass-through timing as moderating factors
Does that have any bearing on the ability of the industry to launch and move forward with engines
Show response
Management confirmed 35mg standard is final law with no expected modifications, parameters being contemplated based on customer and market feedback
Calendar 2025 Q4
you raised Europe and South America, but it sounds like the level of orders here is pretty robust, but you kept the North America unit outlook unchanged
Show response
Feight noted PACCAR's NA outlook was already ahead of ACT estimates. Acceleration expected through the year, consistent with positive view.
Just wanted to unpack a little bit more on the order uptick. You noted continuation of maybe some of that into January
Show response
Feight confirmed January orders at same strong December cadence. Significant bodybuilder orders, steady LTL, fleet spread-delivery orders. Q1 mostly full.
Calendar 2025 Q3
can you just quantify for us exactly how much of a tariff headwind you anticipate to be baked into the fourth quarter
Show response
Feight confirmed October is peak tariff, then 232 begins reducing costs through Q4. December/January should see marked improvement.
are you assuming any kind of pre-buy still related to EPA 27 in that
Show response
Feight explained wide 230-270K range: lower end if NOx standard reverts (removing pre-buy), higher end if 35mg holds driving pre-buy demand.
Calendar 2025 Q2
the guidance for Parts in the third quarter, I thought if I heard you correctly, I think you guided to 4% to 6% top line growth
Show response
Baney credited parts team execution in flat market. Poplawski added more shipping days in Europe for Q3 will help.
we've had 3 months now of pretty weak orders. So do you expect then the next month will start to see that essentially rebound
Show response
Feight cited four catalysts: TL overcapacity rationalizing, Big Beautiful Bill, NOx 35mg standard driving pre-buy, and tariff clarity boosting confidence.
Calendar 2025 Q1
Could you just maybe parse out how much of that is maybe volume related, the contraction in gross profit margins
Show response
Feight attributed Q2 margin decline mostly to tariffs, not volume. US/Canada and Europe flat; Mexico market pausing due to trade discussions.
your – the levers or the ability to maybe mitigate some of these potential headwinds kind of near term
Show response
Feight confirmed no change to investment plans. Working with suppliers on USMCA compliance for components to reduce tariff exposure.
Calendar 2024 Q4
what exactly are you hearing from your customers in terms of potential green shoots on the TL market
Show response
Feight cited spot rate improvement, capacity rationalization, and very low used truck inventories as early indicators of TL market recovery.
I think you lowered the R&D expense for the full year. Can you just talk about maybe what's driving that
Show response
Feight clarified R&D is up ~5% YoY. Amplify JV cleared ground, building facilities, will scale capacity based on market demand for EVs/hybrids.
CMICummins12 questions · 7 reporting periods · 0 of 12 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
any implications on your pricing ability on the new engine as you roll that out or phase that in?
Show response
CFO said pricing is still being worked but powertrain captures most of the added truck value, and nonconforming penalties are expected to pass through with no significant financial impact.
what you're seeing in the shape of your backlog, how much maybe it's growing sequentially or year-over-year
Show response
CEO described a capacity-constrained market with backlog very strong and demand ahead of supply, but gave no quantified backlog figure.
Calendar 2026 Q1
Can you just, I guess, unpack how much the onetime was in the first quarter here?
Show response
Mark acknowledged onetime cost recoveries, stronger China demand, and net tariff recoveries boosted Q1 Power Systems. Guided normal seasonality with Q4 slightly weaker due to fewer production days.
Calendar 2025 Q4
how should we think about capital allocation as we kind of progress into 2026
Show response
Smith confirmed strong balance sheet with flexibility to deploy more capital to shareholders. Minimum 50% operating cash flow to shareholders goal with capacity for more as investment needs are met within operating cash flow.
Can you size your backlog exactly at this point and maybe provide a little bit more color on what the growth rate was either year over year or sequentially
Show response
Rumsey declined to quantify backlog but confirmed consecutive records in Q3 and Q4 with multiyear customer discussions. Capacity investment decisions being developed with discipline around natural gas and supplier readiness.
Calendar 2025 Q3
could you help us quantify, I guess, how much the headwind is in 3Q and 4Q on kind of a gross basis?
Show response
Smith declined to quantify Section 232 impact citing lack of sufficient details. Emphasized strong U.S. manufacturing position and need for stability.
are you exploring any potential for expanding your lines on the natural gas engine to kind of increase to the larger engine sizes
Show response
Rumsey quantified 2024 data center revenue at $2.6B (split between Power Systems and Distribution). 2025 up 30-35%. Actively evaluating prime power and additional capacity beyond doubling.
Calendar 2025 Q2
is it fair to assume then that $2 billion is still kind of the way to think about 2026?
Show response
Rumsey confirmed $2B data center target for 2026 intact with additional capacity coming online. Smith affirmed no change in demand enthusiasm.
Calendar 2025 Q1
can you just talk to what is the impact or kind of margin and sales volume that you kind of see, based on orders backlog in terms of
Show response
Smith confirmed immaterial Q1 tariff impact but expects building effect month-over-month through Q2 with fullest impact in second half assuming tariffs remain.
could you just talk about what you're seeing in terms of what's driving the aftermarket parts demand growth in Power Systems?
Show response
Smith clarified aftermarket strength is NOT data center driven but reflects broad mining, oil/gas, marine, and broader economy rebuild activity plus pricing.
Calendar 2024 Q4
Could you just split that out between kind of price and volume? And then maybe just tying into that, I think you mentioned a new investment of 200 million
Show response
Rumsey detailed $200M investment across U.S., UK, and India for capacity ramp-up. Growth driven by both volume from larger engines and strategic pricing.
any thoughts on the likelihood of any kind of challenges to the EPA27 rule?
Show response
Rumsey expects EPA27 to remain, anticipates prebuy and economic recovery driving second half strength, but sees potential challenge to 2030+ GHG regs.
URIUnited Rentals9 questions · 5 reporting periods · 0 of 9 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
Can you just talk about, I guess, how important that is to your capital allocation strategy?
Show response
Ted said moving to IG does not constrain M&A capacity and simply captures a lower spread, so there is no downside.
Calendar 2026 Q1
Could you just give us a little bit more color on kind of the various key end markets, how you're seeing that play out?
Show response
Matt said growth is broad beyond just data centers. Infrastructure and power (double digits) are strong. Nonres construction is positive even excluding data centers. Petrochem still a drag but potential future contributor.
Could you just talk a little bit about, I think, the $700 million -- roughly $700-ish million in acquisitions you've done over the last 2 quarters?
Show response
Matt noted $400M in Q1 across 4 small deals, 2 larger ones completed in first week of January already in guidance. Total M&A across 2025-Q1 2026 amounts to about 1% of revenue growth. Not the driver of the beat or guidance raise.
Calendar 2025 Q2
can you talk about what you're seeing on the ground today in terms of rental equivalent penetration of the market in equipment?
Show response
Ted confirmed secular rental penetration continues improving with significant runway ahead. One-stop-shop value proposition and telematics capabilities drive deeper customer engagement.
are you seeing any step change or difference in behavior of kind of projects, how quickly they might be moving forward or kind of the appetite to move forward
Show response
Ted cautioned against confusing correlation and causation. Customer confidence fractionally improved since April. Tax policies should be advantageous to project economics.
Calendar 2025 Q1
how did you see utilization or general overall demand shift or change between January and February versus maybe March and more recently April
Show response
Matt declined to discuss monthly trends but confirmed the year is following a standard seasonal growth pattern, consistent with 2024 expectations.
What does that kind of imply in terms of your ability to deliver either on the low end or the high end of the guide?
Show response
Matt clarified repositioning costs are not large enough to impact guidance range. Ancillary revenue is good business adding EBITDA dollars even at lower margins.
Calendar 2024 Q4
What does your guidance contemplate for the small kind of local markets that have been more interest rate challenged?
Show response
Matt said some markets have more growth than others, similar to 2024. Highlighted fleet fungibility across verticals and geographies as a competitive advantage.
Just curious how much of that's actually translating to greater activity today? And then in any areas where it hasn't resulted in an uptick
Show response
Ted clarified the customer index is forward-looking (12-month expectations), not current activity. Net responses improved, supporting 2025 guidance.
VMCVulcan Materials Company8 questions · 7 reporting periods · 0 of 8 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
does that mean that you might still be announcing additional price increases in the second half?
Show response
Deferred the specific answer to the next call while committing to price as the primary lever; the January 1 implication went unaddressed.
some of your closest peers have done some larger, more kind of transformative deals
Show response
Answered the strategy question clearly, ruling out transformative deals in favor of pure-play aggregates bolt-ons, without sizing the pipeline.
Calendar 2026 Q1
the full year guide at this point, just want to guess clarify, it does assume diesel prices remain at current levels
Show response
Ronnie confirmed guidance plans for diesel to persist at elevated levels, pricing will compensate if it stays up, margins benefit if it comes down. Mary Andrews guided to approximately 45-55 first-half/second-half earnings split.
Calendar 2025 Q4
could you maybe talk about this more holistically as to whether a data center project, all-in, is higher or lower margin than a traditional manufacturing project
Show response
Ronnie said base sells $8-$10 below clean stone but margin impact is modest. Mix will become more uniform as projects go vertical and need concrete/clean stone.
Calendar 2025 Q3
I was wondering if you could kind of dive a little deeper into that. Maybe just kind of as a starting point, just putting a finer point on the magnitude
Show response
Tom said pauses are over - projects are going. Ronnie added private non-resi starts up 7% trailing 6 months and 8% trailing 3 months in Vulcan markets. Multiple subsegments growing.
Calendar 2025 Q2
you mentioned the bid to bookings conversions starting to improve here. And it sounds like some of that is just, again, an inflection point. But curious, what are you seeing change here? Is it just...
Show response
Tom confirmed deferrals are resolved. Improvement across all end markets except single-family. Multifamily starts up 17% on trailing 3-month basis.
Calendar 2025 Q1
can you just give a sense of kind of the order of magnitude of how much more kind of intensity in terms of aggregates power generation might be
Show response
Tom said power generation projects will be a late 2026-2027 play lasting ~5 years, very aggregate-intensive. Expects more gas generation initially, then nuclear.
Calendar 2024 Q4
Can you just maybe help us understand, I guess, what what you're seeing or hearing, you know, whether it's from from your customers or terms of quoting activity
Show response
Tom said data centers will be a bright spot, warehouses have been a drag but are starting to turn. Trailing 3-month starts in some markets have turned positive.
WABWabtec8 questions · 5 reporting periods · 2 of 8 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
even though the outlook has improved a little bit, but just the 1% decline is quite notable
Show response
John explained components have hovered around flat, offset by industrial and data-center heat-exchanger demand against weak railcar build.
Calendar 2026 Q1
I just wanted to maybe talk a little bit more about the revenue part of the guidance. So you had a -- I guess if you could talk a little bit about why that was unchanged?
Show response
Rafael outlined headwinds (railcar builds potentially further down, input cost inflation, electronics obsolescence) and tailwinds (modernization opportunities, acquisitions ahead of plan, new product introductions, incremental demand). Tariffs remain the most significant financial headwind since 2019.
is gross profit margin in 1Q, should we view that as kind of a low point for the year?
Show response
John detailed tariff flow-through timeline: absolute tariff costs rose exponentially through Q1, expected to plateau in Q2, then dissipate in second half as prior year comparisons normalize. Q2 expected to closely mirror Q1 in revenue growth, margin growth, and EPS excluding non-operational items.
Calendar 2025 Q3
this year your organic growth has been in the low single digits versus your algorithm of kind of mid-single digits here
Show response
Rafael cited stronger 12-month backlog coverage for 2026 than prior year, all-time high total backlog with further growth expected in Q4. Bullish on Kazakhstan, CIS, Brazil, Africa, mining, and transit.
You just unpack what core services versus maybe the mod are in kind of second half 2025?
Show response
Rafael confirmed core services (ex-mods) growing 5-7%, driven by fleet age, innovation ROI, and share-of-wallet gains. Combined new locos and mods expected to keep growing into 2026.
Calendar 2025 Q1
how much of that mix favorability, how much of an impact that is maybe on a sequential basis?
Show response
John identified four margin drivers: mix (biggest, timing-related), expense timing, strong productivity from Integration 2.0/portfolio optimization (sticky), and proactive cost management (sticky). Declined to quantify.
Calendar 2024 Q4
Are you seeing any step change in terms of the activity or desire to kind of replace equipment there?
Show response
Management clarified combined mods + new locos growing high single digits, with some customers shifting to new units rather than a structural demand change.
What kind of leverage do you see or buckets to kind of drive incremental upside? I know it's early, you just announced the $110 million to $125 million
Show response
Rafael cited strong international pipeline, improving backlog quality, Integration 3.0 and lean efforts as upside drivers. Comprehensive walkthrough of growth vectors.
MLMMartin Marietta Materials7 questions · 5 reporting periods · 1 of 7 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
I was hoping you could talk a little bit about what you're seeing perhaps in the asphalt markets versus ready mix
Show response
Ward noted asphalt well-positioned with Minnesota tank farm for winter fill; California has indexing. Concrete now only ~1.2M cubic yards in Arizona, down from 10M historically. Energy costs manageable.
can you talk a little bit more, particularly on the -- I guess, on the private side
Show response
Ward provided specific Q1 demand data: warehousing +57%, data centers +62%, LNG +20%, shale recovering. Pipeline includes 10.6M tons LNG and 3.27M tons data center projects.
Calendar 2025 Q4
could you just comment on the kind of, I guess, quote-to-order conversion rates and how that has been evolving
Show response
Ward said Precise IQ is boosting win rates in the East, full rollout by mid-2026. Data centers are currently a few million tons (~3% of shipments) but growing at ~60% in Q4. Warehouses also ~3%, growing ~40%. Manufacturing decline rate slowing, pharma (Novo Nordisk, J&J, Eli Lilly) offsetting semiconductor/battery slowdown. Michael expects manufacturing to inflect in 2026.
Calendar 2025 Q2
Can you just expand a little bit more, perhaps maybe what the spread is in terms of the price of the Quikrete assets
Show response
Ward sees continued value pricing journey on acquired assets. Data center spend coiled spring: new phases go quickly, brand-new sites need permitting and utilities, a long steady climb.
Calendar 2025 Q1
how should we think about the progression of price growth as we get into 2Q
Show response
Ward noted organic pricing 7.4% vs reported 6.8%, signaling acquisition pricing upside remaining. Guide excludes mid-years but expects them. Pricing trending to higher end of guide.
Calendar 2024 Q4
do you still expect to, you know, see midyears in aggregates
Show response
Guide excludes mid-year increases but Ward expects them, particularly in newly acquired operations, similar to prior year.
just wanted to clarify on the organic growth side. You talked about maybe 1% and the rest was on the volume side
Show response
Jim clarified the end-market growth figures included acquisition contributions. Ward reiterated the measured guidance approach with preference to guide up later.
Show 3 more companies
CATCaterpillar Inc.5 questions · 5 reporting periods · 1 of 5 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
I assume that means you already have some orders for this product.
Show response
Castillo Malpica asked about orders for the restarted 10-MW recip engine and pricing on far-out orders; Creed confirmed first orders are in hand and far-out orders carry price escalators.
Calendar 2026 Q1
I'm trying to understand if at all, this is any kind of read-through on how you view the demand of either product
Show response
Joe said backup power remains the foundation of the capacity base. Data centers requesting behind-the-meter power are not displacing backup demand. Joe expressed high confidence in the investment, calling it better line of sight to return than any capacity investment in his career.
Calendar 2025 Q3
is there anything else kind of capping prices and margins for E&T as a whole
Show response
Creed distinguished E&T from machine business noting E&T is in constrained environment with strong demand allowing regular price increases expected to continue. E&T has heavy North America manufacturing footprint so tariff impact relatively lower. Bonfield noted E&T managed flat margins despite tariffs and would have grown substantially without them. Company manages margins at enterprise level focused on absolute OPACC dollars.
Calendar 2025 Q1
rent versus buy decisions
Show response
Creed said dealer rental load was down slightly as expected in Q1 but dealer rental revenue continued to grow. Goal is customers using Cat equipment whether renting or buying. No massive change in rent versus buy trend. Rental remains a great growth opportunity and company continues to lean in with dealer network.
Calendar 2024 Q4
what gives you confidence, though, that the pricing and competitive environment doesn’t worsen
Show response
Bonfield said merchandising programs partly within their control and focus is growing absolute OPACC dollars not margin per product. In lower interest rate environment buying down of interest rates becomes less of total. Umpleby said deregulation push that increases economic growth in U.S. should be positive but need to see how it plays out.
DEDeere & Company5 questions · 5 reporting periods · 0 of 5 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q3
any kind of pricing trends that you are seeing in your EOPs on margins as we go into next year?
Show response
Management said it is taking measured inflationary pricing in a challenging producer environment, and framed the right-to-repair agreement as formalizing existing tools.
Calendar 2026 Q1
just curious if you're seeing -- if you're able to split that up between what might be one big beautiful Bill kind of bonus depreciation related, any kind of versus end market driven versus kind of...
Show response
Contractor confidence in backlog growing even into 2027. Strength in large infrastructure and mega projects, data centers. Housing still subdued. Rental refleeting positive with retails up mid-teens. Broad-based across geographies and customer types. Wirtgen seeing strength in Europe and NA infrastructure.
Calendar 2025 Q3
if you could maybe talk a little bit more about just what you're seeing in planters, which are maybe a little bit further along
Show response
Planters halfway through EOP with cautious ordering. Combine EOP just opened with good early returns. Uncertainty driving customers to preserve optionality.
Calendar 2025 Q1
Can you just talk about the level of confidence in that plus 1%
Show response
PPA list price increases 2-3% net to 1% after used market incentives. C&F price pressure to moderate in H2 as comps ease. Selective financing incentives drove strong December retail.
Calendar 2024 Q4
can you just give us a little bit of color on what drives the price guide for the year being positive in construction
Show response
Acknowledged competitive pricing environment but noted road building (35-40% of segment) provides pricing stability. Did not fully elaborate on how positive price is sustained in softening earthmoving.
CRHCRH plc2 questions · 2 reporting periods · 0 of 2 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
give us a little bit more color on just your 2026 guidance and just the underlying assumptions
Show response
Jim reaffirmed guidance on positive demand: strong infrastructure (40% of IIJA unspent), a reindustrialization pickup, subdued new-build residential, and good pricing momentum into 2027.
Calendar 2025 Q4
on Eco Materials, can you just give us a little bit more color on the progress of that integration? It seems like from the prepared remarks, it sounds like there's some early wins and strong operat...
Show response
Randy detailed 25M tons combined cementitious capacity, 125+ locations, cross-selling moving faster than anticipated, self-supply of SCMs across Materials/Infrastructure/Outdoor Living, global technical services team driving operational improvement. Jim noted continued inflation in labor, raw materials, services and maintenance driving 2026 pricing expectations and 13th consecutive margin expansion target.
Challenge rate by company
Every company this analyst questioned, most questions first. A company-level rate is shown from 3 questions; below that it is withheld.
| Company | Questions | Challenge rate |
|---|---|---|
| PCAR Paccar | 14 | 14%2 of 14 questions |
| CMI Cummins | 12 | 0%none of 12 questions |
| URI United Rentals | 9 | 0%none of 9 questions |
| VMC Vulcan Materials Company | 8 | 0%none of 8 questions |
| WAB Wabtec | 8 | 25%2 of 8 questions |
| MLM Martin Marietta Materials | 7 | 14%1 of 7 questions |
| CAT Caterpillar Inc. | 5 | 20%1 of 5 questions |
| DE Deere & Company | 5 | 0%none of 5 questions |
| CRH CRH plc | 2 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
- PCARPaccar · 14 questions14%2 of 14 questions
- CMICummins · 12 questions0%none of 12 questions
- URIUnited Rentals · 9 questions0%none of 9 questions
- VMCVulcan Materials Company · 8 questions0%none of 8 questions
- WABWabtec · 8 questions25%2 of 8 questions
- MLMMartin Marietta Materials · 7 questions14%1 of 7 questions
- CATCaterpillar Inc. · 5 questions20%1 of 5 questions
- DEDeere & Company · 5 questions0%none of 5 questions
- CRHCRH plc · 2 questions—rate withheld: under 3 questions
Activity by reporting period
Questions recorded for each calendar quarter that companies’ reporting periods map to (not the call date), with the challenge rate for that period. Periods inside the range with no questions are shown as “No questions recorded”.
| Calendar period | Questions | Challenge rate | Companies |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Q4 | 13 | 15%2 of 13 questions | 8 |
| 2025 Q1 | 11 | 0%none of 11 questions | 8 |
| 2025 Q2 | 7 | 0%none of 7 questions | 5 |
| 2025 Q3 | 9 | 11%1 of 9 questions | 6 |
| 2025 Q4 | 7 | 14%1 of 7 questions | 5 |
| 2026 Q1 | 12 | 8%1 of 12 questions | 8 |
| 2026 Q2 | 10 | 10%1 of 10 questions | 7 |
| 2026 Q3 | 1 | 0%none of 1 question | 1 |
- 2024 Q413 questions · challenge rate 15% (2 of 13 questions) · 8 companies
- 2025 Q111 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 11 questions) · 8 companies
- 2025 Q27 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 7 questions) · 5 companies
- 2025 Q39 questions · challenge rate 11% (1 of 9 questions) · 6 companies
- 2025 Q47 questions · challenge rate 14% (1 of 7 questions) · 5 companies
- 2026 Q112 questions · challenge rate 8% (1 of 12 questions) · 8 companies
- 2026 Q210 questions · challenge rate 10% (1 of 10 questions) · 7 companies
- 2026 Q31 question · challenge rate 0% (none of 1 question) · 1 company
Topics
Topics tagged on this analyst’s questions.
- Demand32
- Pricing18
- Margin13
- Competitive Dynamics12
- Cloud & AI10
- Guidance Reliability8
- Regulation Policy8
- Revenue Growth7
- Capex Investment6
- Trade Tariffs6
Show all 19 topics
- Macroeconomic6
- Innovation & R&D3
- Capital Allocation3
- M&A3
- Product Launch2
- Credit2
- Cost Pressure2
- Supply Chain1
- Inventory1