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Analyst
Patrick Moley
Period: Reporting periods mapped to calendar 2024 Q4 – 2026 Q2 (7 quarters).
- Questions
- 62on tracked calls
- Challenge rate
- 10%6 of 62 questions
- Companies
- 11questioned at least once
- Reporting periods
- 7with questions
These figures cover the whole profile: every tracked question, all reporting periods.
How to read these numbers
Challenge rate is the share of questions that pushed back, pressed for specifics or questioned management’s assumptions. It describes how questions were asked on the calls tracked here; it does not measure whether any view turned out to be right.
Rounding. Rates are rounded to whole percentages, so a small share can show as 0% even when some questions were challenging. The count beside each rate is exact; “none of N questions” means no question was challenging.
No questions recorded. “—” means there is nothing to calculate: no questions were recorded for that period on the calls tracked here. It does not mean there was no activity.
Fewer than 3 questions. A company-level rate is withheld when fewer than 3 questions were recorded for that company; the questions are still counted everywhere else.
Small samples. Profiles with fewer than 10 questions are marked Limited sample.
Reporting periods. Questions are grouped by the calendar quarter each company’s fiscal reporting period maps to, not by the date of the call. Periods without a calendar mapping are listed separately under their fiscal label.
Questions asked
Grouped by company, most questions first. Open a company to read its questions, newest reporting period first.
Showing 62 of 62 questions from 11 companies
IBKRInteractive Brokers Group13 questions · 7 reporting periods · 1 of 13 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
what went into the decision to integrate Kalshi and CME into your prediction market offering
Show response
Galik framed the integration as consistent with IBKR's role as a broker offering connectivity to growing marketplaces and increased liquidity.
Calendar 2026 Q1
whether it could create some frictions, I guess, in terms of the new account formation, particularly internationally
Show response
Milan explained the pattern: rising markets drive account openings while volatility increases DARTs. He expected continuity with historical patterns.
the SEC eliminated the Pattern Day Trader rule. It seems like it could be a pretty significant structural change
Show response
Milan directly addressed the opportunity, noting that smaller individual accounts will be able to trade more frequently, viewing the regulatory change as a positive for IBKR.
Calendar 2025 Q4
I was just hoping to get an update from you on how you maybe see this all playing out between the platforms and the sports books
Show response
Paul cited the Massachusetts ruling against Kalshi as evidence of ongoing regulatory uncertainty for sports contracts, but emphasized IBKR does not rely on sports, ForecastX focuses on elections, economic indicators, and climate contracts.
Any updated thoughts on the appetite for M&A and capital return priorities? And then on M&A specifically, I know in the past, you have said that with traditional brokerage models, it has been diffi...
Show response
Paul ruled out sports betting acquisitions. Thomas added that ForecastEx is growing organically with 10,000+ instruments and 24/7 trading, so there is no reason to pursue acquisitions in the prediction market space.
Calendar 2025 Q3
Could you just maybe speak a little bit more to your strategy for growing that business, whether it's adding more broker partners?
Show response
Thomas gave a brief response indicating the dual-track approach of adding broker partners while also driving adoption among existing IBKR direct clients.
Could you maybe just provide a little color on the breakout of the types of customers that drove that growth? Was it retail? Was it hedge funds?
Show response
Thomas declined to share margin loan customer breakdown, but noted the appetite for risk has grown in momentum-driven markets, with clients trading stock on leverage rather than cheap option bets, which he views favorably since exposure fees indicate riskier positioning.
Calendar 2025 Q2
you were somewhat surprised at just how much how little market share you had taken. Since beefing out the crypto offering
Show response
Milan remains disappointed with crypto share gains despite cost advantages and hopes asset transfer capability will be the catalyst, as clients currently must sell and redeposit cash to switch.
you do not really see much that could derail this rally here. And that you could see, you know, this rally continue
Show response
Milan broadly stated the current environment is favorable for all brokerage and investment banking firms, with IBKR particularly well positioned.
Calendar 2025 Q1
you're on pace to nearly triple the size of your crypto offering this year. So can you talk about what drove the decision
Show response
Milan cited SEC enforcement pullback, Coinbase lawsuit dismissal, and rescinded balance sheet accounting guidance as catalysts. Noted crypto growth is slower than expected despite competitive pricing.
one of your competitors has really leaned into event contracts specifically sports events contracts
Show response
Milan distinguished between ForecastEx the exchange (which will list sports contracts for other FCMs) and IBKR the broker (which has not decided whether to offer them to its own clients).
Calendar 2024 Q4
hoping you could give us an update on the traction that you're seeing there, your outlook for next year
Show response
Thomas acknowledged slow progress but expressed conviction in prediction markets becoming a huge market, noting careful and deliberate approach to building out the business.
a lot of excitement around crypto here. It seems like the incoming administration, the change in leadership in the SEC
Show response
Milan outlined EU crypto expansion plans and expressed cautious optimism on US regulatory clarity, while noting concern about meme coins potentially damaging the industry's reputation.
CMECME Group10 questions · 7 reporting periods · 0 of 10 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
What do you make of the commission drawing a line between those two products?
Show response
Terry gave a candid, frustrated response contrasting the stay with other approved 40.2 filings and questioning the commission's rationale.
Calendar 2026 Q1
how you see enhanced collateral mobility impacting CME's clearing business
Show response
Suzanne Sprague detailed tokenization efforts with FICC and Google, including stablecoin exploration. Terry added CME is looking at multiple ways to grow the $85B daily margin efficiencies.
how you're thinking about perpetual futures as a product structure that could eventually become a more meaningful driver
Show response
Terry firmly stated perpetuals violate the Commodity Exchange Act and are designed for speculators, not hedgers. He noted CME was not informed of the S&P perpetual license and has engaged aggressively with S&P on IP concerns.
Calendar 2025 Q4
what you have seen to date in terms of engagement and inbounds from market makers and institutions looking at the prediction market space
Show response
Tim McCourt noted new market makers from sports ecosystem reaching out. Terry confirmed meeting with new CFTC Chairman Selig who is committed to overseeing prediction markets as legal swaps.
Calendar 2025 Q3
to the extent you could comment on whether that's in the cards would be much appreciated
Show response
Terry stated CME is operationally ready for sports events pending federal government approval. Emphasized CME is not opposed but needs regulatory clarity. Cautious about political event contracts.
do you think it's feasible to offer parlays on a large scale in prediction markets considering that the venue doesn't act as the house?
Show response
Terry raised concerns about whether parlays meet swap definition of economic benefit under the Commodity Exchange Act. Noted government was closed 3 of 4 weeks since parlays launched.
Calendar 2025 Q2
how are you thinking about this trial, your ability to win? And how should investors think about your reserving for any potential damages
Show response
Terry declined to comment on pending litigation. Reiterated no accrual has been recorded to date. Would not speculate on outcomes.
Calendar 2025 Q1
we're just hoping maybe you could comment on what you plan to do with the proceeds from that sale and how that informs your capital allocation priorities
Show response
Lynne declined to comment on use of proceeds given expected close is six months away. Terry added no anticipated regulatory hurdles on closing.
Calendar 2024 Q4
what strategic benefit does this give you going forward, and would there ever be an instance where you would look to utilize it
Show response
Terry Duffy positioned the FCM license as strategic preparedness for potential market structure changes, explicitly stating no current plans to disintermediate existing FCM partners.
how additive you think that this rollout could be to volumes this year, and then if you could just maybe speak to the broader retail strategy
Show response
Julie Winkler detailed retail growth with traders up 6%, NCA up 23% YoY, and micro volume up 11%. Robinhood doing phased rollout with more broker partners coming in 2025.
CBOECboe Global Markets7 questions · 7 reporting periods · 1 of 7 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
Could you update us on how your conversations with market participants have gone around those products?
Show response
Hocking described strong retail-led demand and a late-Sept/early-Oct KPI launch pending approval; Jill confirmed nothing incremental is baked into 2026 guidance. Partial on revenue.
Calendar 2026 Q1
I just wanted to get an update on how sustainable; you know, you think the growth here is
Show response
Craig broke down the 19% DataVantage growth (access, market data, one-time historic dataset sales) and declined to call low double digits a new baseline.
Calendar 2025 Q4
could you just elaborate on the decision to maintain the mid- to high single revenue growth target? Should we interpret that as just general conservatism?
Show response
Ken Hill and Craig explained full-year timing variability. Craig provided color: 45% overseas sales (vs 35% a year ago), 3 of top 5 recurring sales from APAC, strong option-embedded ETF demand. Comfortable with mid-to-high guide.
Calendar 2025 Q3
why were Cboe Australia and Canada, why did you decide to initiate a sales process there?
Show response
Craig explained pivot to largest growth opportunities in core businesses and emerging areas (prediction/crypto/retail). Jill noted organic investment won't be material; 2026 guidance in February.
Calendar 2025 Q2
I was hoping you could just maybe speak to the one or 2 key priorities that you have in coming into the role and how that might differ from previous leadership?
Show response
Craig emphasized optimizing core growth and leaning into secular trends. On M&A: nothing needed right now, will be disciplined and rigorous, must be compelling strategically and financially.
Calendar 2025 Q1
Was hoping you could just elaborate maybe on what the CEO search process looked like and the decision to ultimately choose Mr. Donahue
Show response
Fred explained thorough process reviewing internal and external candidates. Craig chosen for global derivatives experience, CEO track record, industry reputation, and regulatory relationships.
Calendar 2024 Q4
it does seem like the mid to high-single digit revenue growth range is a little weaker than the 7% to 10% that you guided to the last few years
Show response
Jill clarified the new language is consistent with prior 7-10% range, just simplified to market standards. Direct rebuttal of the premise.
HOODRobinhood Markets, Inc.7 questions · 7 reporting periods · 2 of 7 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
could you just elaborate on what the source of hesitation is with perps in the U.S. Are you worried about leverage?
Show response
Vlad rejected the premise of hesitation and cited a crowded roadmap, but again declined to commit to a US perps timeline.
Calendar 2026 Q1
I know you launched crypto perpetual futures in Europe in the fourth quarter. So I would love to get your thoughts
Show response
Vlad confirmed strong EU perpetuals growth on Bitstamp, increasing leverage per customer requests. U.S. launch requires rule changes; current domestic offerings are not true perpetuals.
Calendar 2025 Q4
we estimate that you can see a 45% bump in economics if customers utilize contracts that are listed on your own venue
Show response
Vlad emphasized customer-first approach over pure economics, analogizing to equities and crypto order routing prioritizing execution quality. Shiv clarified current $0.02 per contract splits 1¢ FCM/1¢ exchange; Rothera gives control over full unit economics with Robinhood owning 45% of JV.
Calendar 2025 Q3
you've obviously become one of the leaders in the space, but there's been a lot of new entrants recently. So I was hoping you could talk about just the strategy there and what you think gives you t...
Show response
Vlad emphasized distribution advantage with 26M+ funded accounts and multi-asset platform as competitive moat. On vertical integration, argued prediction market exchanges will commoditize like equity/options venues, so power stays in distribution. No plans to become an exchange, prefers routing to competing DCMs.
Calendar 2025 Q2
balances are only up about 45%. So I was hoping you could just elaborate on what you're seeing from credit cardholders?
Show response
Jason confirmed revolve rates in line with hopes and book performing well. Vlad explained balance lag is normal, takes time for revolve to ramp after cardholder additions.
Calendar 2025 Q1
where that borrowing is coming from? Is that existing customers? Are you finding that you're winning customers
Show response
Vlad confirmed futures volumes are incremental. Cross-asset trading behavior validates multi-product platform thesis. Futures enable short positions and 24-hour trading for active traders.
Calendar 2024 Q4
Can you maybe just specify what you mean by regulatory clarity?
Show response
Vlad clarified no tech barriers exist, regulatory framework for crypto asset securities is the bottleneck. Jason added SEC guidance on security-type coins and staking is encouraging.
COINCoinbase Global6 questions · 6 reporting periods · 0 of 6 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
how should investors think about the monetization time line and the revenue contribution from these new asset classes relative to your core crypto trading business over the next 12 to 18 months?
Show response
Alesia declined to give per-product outlook but cited strong green shoots from Everything Exchange, with non-crypto contracts 4x QoQ.
Calendar 2025 Q4
what have you seen in terms of prediction market adoption to date among Coinbase customers? Do you have plans to build your own prediction market venue?
Show response
Brian cited strong interest including Super Bowl weekend momentum. Launched via Kalshi partnership (not exclusive). Has ability to launch own markets but nothing to announce yet. Adding more markets and sports hub.
Calendar 2025 Q3
I was wondering if you could update us on the time line or some of the milestones we should be looking out for as you introduce new asset classes to that platform.
Show response
Brian pointed to DEX integration and US perps as already-live milestones, then deferred further details to the December 17 H2 product event livestream. No specific timeline for tokenized equities.
Calendar 2025 Q2
Can you discuss the economics behind adding decentralized exchanges to the platform? How will you monetize this? And what's the risk that adding these linkages will cannibalize your own retail exch...
Show response
Brian explained brokerage-layer fees persist regardless of routing to centralized or decentralized exchange. Additional monetization from DEX investments and Base sequencer fees. No cannibalization concern expressed.
Calendar 2025 Q1
I was hoping you could update us on the go-to-market strategy for crypto derivatives broadly in the U.S. And then once you close the Deribit acquisition, how quickly do you think you'll be able to ...
Show response
Brian discussed CFTC progress on perpetual futures but was vague on timeline for US options. Noted 39 new perps books added internationally, 4 in US. Emilie said US options path needs CFTC work.
Calendar 2024 Q4
could you maybe just expand on those comments and talk about how you see your listed token offering evolving from here?
Show response
Brian acknowledged the shift to ~1M tokens/week and compared it to early internet directories needing Google Search. Outlined DEX integration strategy balanced with consumer protection and disclosures.
NDAQNasdaq, Inc.6 questions · 6 reporting periods · 2 of 6 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
how much of your IPO pipeline today is idiosyncratic megadeals versus what you would maybe view as a more durable
Show response
Adena characterized the IPO pipeline as a broad-based recovery across AI infrastructure, healthcare/biotech, defense, and consumer, not just megadeals.
Calendar 2026 Q1
does this represent any sort of structural opportunity that investors might not be Nasdaq's ability to grow the list
Show response
Friedman acknowledged tokenization could improve retail engagement during go-public process but does not envision fundamental change to IPO process. Investor engagement and underwriting support in early trading days remain valuable regardless of settlement technology.
Calendar 2025 Q4
could you talk about just your expectation for what this now means for the options market overall, how Nasdaq stands to benefit
Show response
Friedman highlighted early uptick from expanded expirations in MAG seven names, framing shorter-dated options as structural trend enabling more precise risk management. Noted it's only been live a week with plans to expand thoughtfully.
Calendar 2025 Q2
What impacted some of the tariff-driven volatility we saw in April have on those conversations
Show response
Friedman noted Calypso US conversations paused a few weeks in March-April but normalized by May-June. AxiomSL implementations still elongated from regulatory uncertainty.
Calendar 2025 Q1
what specifically you're seeing that gives you confidence that you're gonna be able to come in within the guidance ranges that you laid out
Show response
Friedman walked through each FinTech subdivision showing robust demand, noting delays limited to larger Calypso decisions going further up the chain while other businesses accelerating.
Calendar 2024 Q4
where do you think that leaves us for the full year in terms of the overall 10% to 14% growth rate for the full segment
Show response
Friedman explained FCM growth driven by three pillars: SMB banks, Tier 1/2 expansion, and global. Tier 1 and global still early innings driving low-end outlook.
Show 5 more companies
ICEIntercontinental Exchange5 questions · 5 reporting periods · 0 of 5 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
I would love to get your high-level view on perps as an asset class, the CFTC's push to bring them onshore
Show response
Sprecher framed perps as competitors to leveraged ETFs rather than hedging instruments, and walked through likely CFTC and SEC jurisdictional outcomes.
Calendar 2025 Q4
can you talk about some of the drivers of that a little bit more? How sustainable do you think it is?
Show response
Ben cited Iran tensions, India trade deal redirecting Russian crude, Venezuelan production uncertainty. TTF up 100% YTD off strong prior year. Multiple specific contracts benefiting from trade flow reshuffling.
Calendar 2025 Q3
what you think -- how you see that playing out and what opportunity could present for Polymarket and ICE
Show response
Jeff said ICE's interest is in non-sports event data for traditional finance. Many institutional investors already informally scraping Polymarket data. Sports is good for Polymarket but not ICE's focus.
Calendar 2025 Q1
what drove the decision to shift resources into the state of Texas? And then, more broadly, how are you thinking about the potential for capital markets
Show response
Lynn Martin said Texas is largest state for NYSE issuers with ~$4T combined market cap. Announced NYSE Texas and first listing (Trump Media). ETPs expected to go live in Q2.
Calendar 2024 Q4
could you talk about, how you're thinking about the dynamics between refi versus purchase activity next year, just kind of through the lens of that Mortgage guide you provided
Show response
Warren acknowledged refi assumptions may be optimistic given current rates but provided a wide band. Purchase fundamentals improving with inventory and price moderation.
FIGRFigure Technology Solutions, Inc. Class A Common Stock4 questions · 4 reporting periods · 0 of 4 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
if you could just maybe talk about some of the assumptions that are baked in there
Show response
CFO grounded the ~$5B Q3 midpoint in the July actual ($1.7B) and 2024/2025 seasonality; CEO said the 102 new partners were broad-based across type and size.
Calendar 2026 Q1
Can you talk a little bit more about the upselling process to connect some of the sticking points, if any
Show response
Question asked by a colleague on for Patrick Moley; CEO said Connect conversations start around $5-10M monthly volume as economics naturally align partners toward Connect.
Calendar 2025 Q4
I was hoping you could maybe pull back the curtain and help us get a better sense for where those partner adds are coming from, the nature of those partners.
Show response
Tannenbaum cited three working motions (licensed IMBs, depositories, and non-licensed SMB/fintech/real-estate) and said the pace signals strong consumer-loan-marketplace volume growth into 2026.
Calendar 2025 Q3
Can you help us get a better sense for the composition of those new partners in terms of size and the types of loans you'd expect them to be originating.
Show response
Tannenbaum cited greenfield SMB growth (government-shutdown tailwind plus a bank-account underwriting product improvement) and additions of a major servicer and a large independent mortgage bank.
RIOTRiot Platforms, Inc.2 questions · 1 reporting period · 0 of 2 challenging
Calendar 2024 Q4
can you talk about how long you think a contract if you were to sign one could potentially be
Show response
Management confirmed mutual interest in long-term agreements of 10+ years to lock in favorable terms and provide return visibility.
the fact that you lease that land makes it any less attractive to hyperscalers
Show response
Management acknowledged the lease structure but argued power scarcity increasingly outweighs land ownership considerations for hyperscalers.
CHYMChime Financial, Inc. Class A Common Stock1 question · 1 reporting period · 0 of 1 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
are you thinking about any sort of future percentage of total member adds coming from the segment?
Show response
Will Copps stood in for Patrick Moley (Piper Sandler) on this call. Mark declined specific Enterprise contribution guidance but said CAC is materially lower and fixed-cost driven.
SCHWCharles Schwab Corporation1 question · 1 reporting period · 0 of 1 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
Curious what you would characterize as normalized engagement here versus what's market environment driven
Show response
Called elevated trading sustainable, citing young investors, options growth, the pattern-day-trader rule change, and AI.
Challenge rate by company
Every company this analyst questioned, most questions first. A company-level rate is shown from 3 questions; below that it is withheld.
| Company | Questions | Challenge rate |
|---|---|---|
| IBKR Interactive Brokers Group | 13 | 8%1 of 13 questions |
| CME CME Group | 10 | 0%none of 10 questions |
| CBOE Cboe Global Markets | 7 | 14%1 of 7 questions |
| HOOD Robinhood Markets, Inc. | 7 | 29%2 of 7 questions |
| COIN Coinbase Global | 6 | 0%none of 6 questions |
| NDAQ Nasdaq, Inc. | 6 | 33%2 of 6 questions |
| ICE Intercontinental Exchange | 5 | 0%none of 5 questions |
| FIGR Figure Technology Solutions, Inc. Class A Common Stock | 4 | 0%none of 4 questions |
| RIOT Riot Platforms, Inc. | 2 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
| CHYM Chime Financial, Inc. Class A Common Stock | 1 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
- IBKRInteractive Brokers Group · 13 questions8%1 of 13 questions
- CMECME Group · 10 questions0%none of 10 questions
- CBOECboe Global Markets · 7 questions14%1 of 7 questions
- HOODRobinhood Markets, Inc. · 7 questions29%2 of 7 questions
- COINCoinbase Global · 6 questions0%none of 6 questions
- NDAQNasdaq, Inc. · 6 questions33%2 of 6 questions
- ICEIntercontinental Exchange · 5 questions0%none of 5 questions
- FIGRFigure Technology Solutions, Inc. Class A Common Stock · 4 questions0%none of 4 questions
- RIOTRiot Platforms, Inc. · 2 questions—rate withheld: under 3 questions
- CHYMChime Financial, Inc. Class A Common Stock · 1 question—rate withheld: under 3 questions
Activity by reporting period
Questions recorded for each calendar quarter that companies’ reporting periods map to (not the call date), with the challenge rate for that period. Periods inside the range with no questions are shown as “No questions recorded”.
| Calendar period | Questions | Challenge rate | Companies |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Q4 | 11 | 9%1 of 11 questions | 8 |
| 2025 Q1 | 8 | 13%1 of 8 questions | 7 |
| 2025 Q2 | 7 | 29%2 of 7 questions | 6 |
| 2025 Q3 | 9 | 0%none of 9 questions | 7 |
| 2025 Q4 | 9 | 11%1 of 9 questions | 8 |
| 2026 Q1 | 10 | 0%none of 10 questions | 8 |
| 2026 Q2 | 8 | 13%1 of 8 questions | 8 |
- 2024 Q411 questions · challenge rate 9% (1 of 11 questions) · 8 companies
- 2025 Q18 questions · challenge rate 13% (1 of 8 questions) · 7 companies
- 2025 Q27 questions · challenge rate 29% (2 of 7 questions) · 6 companies
- 2025 Q39 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 9 questions) · 7 companies
- 2025 Q49 questions · challenge rate 11% (1 of 9 questions) · 8 companies
- 2026 Q110 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 10 questions) · 8 companies
- 2026 Q28 questions · challenge rate 13% (1 of 8 questions) · 8 companies
Topics
Topics tagged on this analyst’s questions.
- Product Launch19
- Competitive Dynamics19
- Regulation Policy17
- Demand16
- Innovation & R&D13
- Revenue Growth10
- Guidance Reliability4
- Subscriber Growth4
- Capital Allocation4
- Macroeconomic4
Show all 17 topics
- M&A4
- Credit2
- Cloud & AI2
- Margin1
- Pricing1
- Cost Pressure1
- Trade Tariffs1