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Analyst
Ryan Levine
Period: Reporting periods mapped to calendar 2024 Q3 – 2026 Q2 (8 quarters).
- Questions
- 64on tracked calls
- Challenge rate
- 2%1 of 64 questions
- Companies
- 17questioned at least once
- Reporting periods
- 8with questions
These figures cover the whole profile: every tracked question, all reporting periods.
How to read these numbers
Challenge rate is the share of questions that pushed back, pressed for specifics or questioned management’s assumptions. It describes how questions were asked on the calls tracked here; it does not measure whether any view turned out to be right.
Rounding. Rates are rounded to whole percentages, so a small share can show as 0% even when some questions were challenging. The count beside each rate is exact; “none of N questions” means no question was challenging.
No questions recorded. “—” means there is nothing to calculate: no questions were recorded for that period on the calls tracked here. It does not mean there was no activity.
Fewer than 3 questions. A company-level rate is withheld when fewer than 3 questions were recorded for that company; the questions are still counted everywhere else.
Small samples. Profiles with fewer than 10 questions are marked Limited sample.
Reporting periods. Questions are grouped by the calendar quarter each company’s fiscal reporting period maps to, not by the date of the call. Periods without a calendar mapping are listed separately under their fiscal label.
Questions asked
Grouped by company, most questions first. Open a company to read its questions, newest reporting period first.
Showing 64 of 64 questions from 17 companies
ATOAtmos Energy11 questions · 5 reporting periods · 0 of 11 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
Are you going to break out what the earnings contribution was this quarter? And any early indications of what you were seeing last month?
Show response
CFO declined quarterly breakdown, preferring full-year view. Provided YoY figure of $16M/$0.08 and forward estimate of $0.08-$0.12 for H2 but no monthly detail.
given what we saw last month, would the monthly benefit be trending higher, given some of the commodity spread movements that we have seen?
Show response
CFO confirmed the H2 guidance of $0.08-$0.12 already incorporates April activity, effectively answering the trend question within the guidance range.
Calendar 2025 Q4
Given the recent Storm Fern and increasing gas demand in your service areas, do you see incremental opportunities to add gas storage?
Show response
CEO described the post-winter storage review process including third-party engineering overlays with customer growth projections. Noted 15 storage fields across 4 states plus third-party contract storage.
Calendar 2025 Q1
has that a refresh already occurred for this calendar year, so that we wouldn't expect any material changes until a review post winter 2026
Show response
CEO confirmed the NVQ review is ongoing and any adjustments would be finalized before the next heating season.
What are the underlying growth assumptions that embed the expansion projects that you have underway? And what conditions would merit further expansion
Show response
CEO described multi-factor growth modeling process using city population forecasts, LDC demand requirements, and post-winter NVQ resets to drive expansion decisions.
Calendar 2024 Q4
in terms of federal announcements around Stargate and Seven. Potential developments in the Abilene, the extent there's consumption in that region. Would that have any impact
Show response
CEO confirmed any data center load would likely connect to APT system under the 75/25 sharing mechanism on interruptible basis.
can you remind us around the regulatory mechanisms across your service territory to allow for recovery on the capital side?
Show response
CEO confirmed annual rate mechanisms in most jurisdictions and traditional rate cases in Kentucky, Virginia, and Kansas for cost recovery.
wanted to hear your comments around the impact of Chinese and potentially Mexican tariffs around O and M and CapEx. I assume it's small, but any color
Show response
CEO indicated tariff impacts would likely be minimal, noted tariffs were recently put on pause, and company is working with vendors to assess potential exposure.
Calendar 2024 Q3
In terms of the 4% O&M guidance, how lumpy is that throughout the forecast time period? Are there periods that are higher than that and others that are lower
Show response
CEO confirmed 4% O&M growth is expected to be fairly level year-over-year with potential quarterly variations.
what are you assuming for population growth or customer count growth in the Texas market in particular? And then, how sensitive is your outlook to that forecast?
Show response
CFO stated growth assumptions are based on recent trends continuing but did not provide specific population or customer count figures.
What's your assumption for bad debt expense and how does that impact the outlook? It looked like that was excluded from the 4% O&M guide
Show response
CEO confirmed bad debt normalizing to pre-pandemic levels and expected to be fairly flat year-over-year in the five-year plan.
EIXEdison International11 questions · 6 reporting periods · 0 of 11 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
How does the ongoing undergrounding cost benefit analysis impact the decision around how much covered conductor
Show response
Powell laid out the benefit-cost methodology, the 1.0 threshold, feasibility and terrain constraints, and flagged that the RAMP base case may change before the GRC filing.
how have the education efforts ramped up in Sacramento compared to the last year on the wildfire bill?
Show response
Pizarro contrasted SB 901, AB 1054 and SB 254 cycles and identified the CEA report as the differentiating platform this session, while noting legislators start from varied baselines.
Calendar 2026 Q1
is there a way you could size how much cost-cutting initiatives AI could enable or unlock and how the AMI 2.0 and ERP systems could impact that opportunity?
Show response
SVP Powell noted AI spans entire business from customer ops to grid to procurement but still early to fully size. New CFO Moss highlighted AMI 2.0 benefits quantified in application with benefit/cost ratio well above 1 for incremental costs. CEO noted all supportive of 5-7% EPS growth.
How are you assessing wildfire risk going into the summer wildfire season compared to prior years given weather and all the company actions over the last few years?
Show response
SVP Powell detailed layered approach: 7,100+ miles covered conductor, nearly 100 miles undergrounding as foundation, plus seasonal inspections, vegetation management, and PSPS improvements. Weather had early rain but drier recently; winds notoriously difficult to forecast.
Calendar 2025 Q4
would you look to continue to tweak the program to achieve your objectives? And any color you could share around the rationale for the recently announced changes?
Show response
CEO detailed two program changes: tenant compensation adjusted to higher of actual rent or fair market value for 3 months, and attorney fee support increased from 10% to 20% of net damages. Both applied retroactively. Advisors highlight importance of program stability, so further changes unlikely.
Calendar 2025 Q2
Does this action in your view, have an impact on who will ultimately get the proceeds from the funds?
Show response
CFO noted CEA monitoring subrogation claims carefully but doesn't believe fund administrator intends to put utilities at risk of accessing the fund.
What are the advantages of creating the new wildfire recovery compensation program to address the priorities of the community
Show response
CEO framed program as doing the right thing for impacted community given probable loss. Faster claims resolution also mitigates construction cost escalation, legal expenses, and is good stewardship of wildfire fund.
Calendar 2025 Q1
Have there been any changes to the wildfire mitigation plan preparation work or approach to forming the updated plan post the January events?
Show response
SVP Powell noted core programs unchanged but more undergrounding in burn scar areas. Inspection and vegetation management programs continuously refined based on learnings.
Is there any early indication of when you may start to full capital from that front?
Show response
CFO noted very premature to estimate timing. Would first use $1B customer-funded self-insurance, then access fund through streamlined administrator process.
Calendar 2024 Q4
How do you expect the events from last month will change cost of CapEx items and O&M costs in the coming years?
Show response
SVP Powell noted 800 miles of covered conductor installed last year is an order of magnitude more than fire-related rebuild needs. Supply chain impact expected to be minimal.
is there an established venue to determine how the protocol will unfold in terms of investigating the equipment
Show response
CEO confirmed court-supervised process with a judge overseeing protocol discussions, next hearing in about a week.
PCGPG&E Corporation8 questions · 5 reporting periods · 0 of 8 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
Should we expect a meaningful update in the data center outlook as Rule 30 outcome becomes determined?
Show response
Poppe said interim Rule 30 implementation is already reflected in the current pipeline and that AI is used extensively for wildfire meteorology.
Calendar 2026 Q1
how does the summer look for weather into wildfire season
Show response
CEO emphasized readiness over prediction. Continuous monitoring enabling shift from reactive to proactive grid operations. Confident heading into wildfire season.
is there any color you could share around whether special dividends or ratable dividends or buybacks
Show response
CEO declined to prioritize alternatives. First priority is solid SB 254 outcome. CFO confirmed plan built on no equity, maintaining dividend, modest parent debt below 10%, IG metrics.
Calendar 2025 Q4
Are you looking to accelerate the prudency determination through the CEA process for future liabilities
Show response
CEO declined specifics, saying CEA process will produce a bundle of options and improvements. Key goal is making downside risk knowable and affordable for customers and investors.
Calendar 2025 Q2
any sense of what actually would be studied between now and presumably the end of the governor's term
Show response
CEO outlined study areas: insurance market viability, building codes, community hardening, forest clearing, claims limitations. Advocated for collective California approach like earthquake.
How do you view the proposed decision we get to SB 410 capital would be funded relative to plan
Show response
CFO noted PD allows up to $2.4B for 2025-2026. New capital could make plan bigger, better for affordability, or extend 9% growth duration. Final decision expected end of August.
Calendar 2025 Q1
do you see any progress in the conversation to revisit or change the attachment rate for the wildfire fund
Show response
CEO declined to get ahead of policymakers on specifics but confirmed many ideas under discussion. Maintained confidence in constructive outcome this year.
where is the 90% number coming from and kinda one of the drivers
Show response
CEO clarified 90% refers to final engineering expected online by end of 2030 based on completed cluster study with agreed timing and signed customer agreements.
PNWPinnacle West7 questions · 4 reporting periods · 0 of 7 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
is there any timeline for when that study will conclude? Would that be concurrent with the subscription negotiations targeting the end of this year?
Show response
Ted tied Cholla analysis timeline to IRP filing (summer 2026). IRP will include wholesale generation mix review including potential gas conversion or new generation at the Cholla site.
what is the thought process around converting retired coal to gas generation, and the potential for federal permitting reform to impact the company?
Show response
Ted said Cholla conversion analysis is ongoing. New gas generation cost increases make conversion more attractive. IRP filing will include latest generation mix analysis including Cholla site evaluation.
Calendar 2025 Q4
Any color you could share around the pace of the large load commitments in the uncommitted bucket that you're considering to be ready for?
Show response
Ted described repeatable process: identify infrastructure, offer 1+ GW tranches to queue, negotiate agreements, file with commission. First subscription offer made late 2025, actively in discussions to finalize in 2026.
Is the company looking to finance some of the transmission build out with some of the DOE energy dominance financing
Show response
Andrew confirmed evaluating all alternatives including federal grants and customer financing. Subscription model upfront capital helps balance sheet. Base plan uses traditional funding but open to off-balance-sheet options during construction.
Calendar 2025 Q2
are there contractual rights to be able to expand your capacity if needed and the growth materializes at prenegotiated tariff rates?
Show response
Ted confirmed contractual flex-up rights are secured, though did not specify whether at prenegotiated tariff rates.
what's the risk for shareholders and rate payers if the uncommitted growth projects don't materialize?
Show response
Ted argued pipeline is prudent regardless of uncommitted growth materializing because it's needed for existing committed load and reliability.
Calendar 2025 Q1
On the coal plant closure, can you give us an update post the executive order and commissioner comments if there's any reassessment of the potential restart for that plant?
Show response
Ted confirmed Cholla retirement remains on track due to both federal law and economics. Exploring site repurposing for new nuclear or gas generation.
FEFirstEnergy4 questions · 2 reporting periods · 1 of 4 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q4
sufficient internal engineering and project management capability to deliver on the
Show response
Tierney cited deep contractor/supplier relationships since 2014. Supplier tightness easing vs COVID era; making advance equipment orders.
How are you assessing the potential impacts from the Maryland Lower Bills Act
Show response
Tierney focused affordability efforts on generation costs which drive 60% of bills; supportive of capacity auction caps and second auction for new generation.
Calendar 2025 Q3
what regions in PJM are you seeing the majority of the investment opportunity? And is there any cost inflation associated with the labor or equipment
Show response
Tierney emphasized the 30% is driven by incremental work not inflation, broadly distributed across all five states.
do you have a lot of confidence in the visibility of those forecasts in light of some of the FERC and other PUC recent commentary
Show response
Tierney outlined multi-factor criteria (land control, permits, plans, public announcements) giving confidence in pipeline quality.
EVRGEvergy3 questions · 2 reporting periods · 0 of 3 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q4
Is Evergy seeking DOE energy-dominant financing capital for its transmission plan? Or any color you could share around maybe alternative subsidized forms of capital
Show response
Campbell said current plan uses traditional financing but is open to creative approaches for the next 10 GW tier, including customer-supplied capacity.
Calendar 2025 Q2
What's the labor ramp and EPC strategy for the new gas generation building? And any color you could share around compounds to achieve the COD target?
Show response
Campbell noted proximity to Black & Veatch and Burns & McDonnell, expressed confidence in COD dates but kept contractual terms confidential.
do the EPC companies have the ability to reprioritize resources if other generation if they get contracted for other projects?
Show response
Campbell expressed confidence in contractual protections but did not disclose specific terms, noting the EPC provider is experienced.
Show 11 more companies
NINiSource3 questions · 2 reporting periods · 0 of 3 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q2
can you speak to some of the cost recovery attributes of the recent initiatives in the state that are in place now to ensure timely recovery
Show response
Lloyd corrected premise (HB 1007 unrelated to coal). Confirmed ongoing federal/state conversations about cost recovery for potential Schahfer extension. No resolution yet.
if the GenCo application is approved in September and at that point, is there a lot of the contract terms that have already been prenegotiated
Show response
Confirmed parallel processes running simultaneously. GenCo approval would not trigger renegotiation. Multiple workstreams progressing concurrently including equipment, regulatory, and contractual.
Calendar 2025 Q1
can you remind us when those labor agreements expire and what the process of renegotiating labor rates is
Show response
Major contracts expiring in 2026: NIPSCO end of March, Pennsylvania end of August. All labor gets renegotiated in 2026.
PEGPublic Service Enterprise Group3 questions · 2 reporting periods · 0 of 3 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
other PJM state level discussions around virtual power plants, how are you thinking about the opportunity for PEG?
Show response
Ralph framed VPPs as a policy-alignment opportunity rather than a material financial one, noting some proposed pilot programs.
Calendar 2025 Q2
Is there any color around how many customers or individual projects represent that large megawatt increase
Show response
LaRossa provided directional color without specifics: New Jersey projects are smaller than other states, mostly edge computing and backup locations. Peak load just over 10,000 MW with 9,400 MW in inquiries.
Would you seek the customer bill deferral mechanism for an additional year as a result of the higher PJM capacity prices
Show response
LaRossa deferred to the incoming administration. Cregg explained no spike like June is expected because the $329 auction is rolling on while higher-priced auctions roll off, resulting in near-flat bills.
AESAES Corporation2 questions · 1 reporting period · 0 of 2 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q2
do you see consolidation given the policy uncertainty at the U.S. federal level? And does that create opportunity for your stand-alone business to acquire some assets
Show response
Andres confirmed consolidation opportunities for smaller developers, noting AES has been rolling up smaller developers over past 5 years. Bellefield cited as example of successful medium-stage acquisition.
How much cash flow is associated with Maximo and AS plan? And is there any color you can share on the financial metrics or commercial interest you're seeing
Show response
Andres disclosed 4 Maximo units operating now, scaling to a few dozen in 2026 for internal use only. Third-party commercialization likely 2027+. Advantages: 2-3x faster construction with same crew, critical for 2027 service deadlines.
ETREntergy2 questions · 1 reporting period · 0 of 2 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q1
how GDP sensitive is your load
Show response
CEO acknowledged not recession-proof but highlighted Gulf Coast structural advantages. Earnings sensitivity low at $0.01 per 1% change in industrial sales. Customers make 30-year decisions looking past near-term macro.
How does the Woodside FID decision impact the availability of power time to market for new potential data center customers
Show response
CFO clarified traditional industrial and data center planning approaches differ. Binary planning for data centers means they are not mutually exclusive with traditional customer demand.
NRGNRG Energy2 questions · 1 reporting period · 0 of 2 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q3
What are you assuming for '26 stand-alone business contribution for Smart Home growth?
Show response
Management expects similar strong growth in 2026 with new good-better-best tiering and a more affordable entry-level offering.
in terms of duration of the contracts, are you seeing any change there around the tenor of contracts
Show response
Contract durations trending longer not shorter, especially with BYOP requiring longer terms to support generation economics.
WECWEC Energy Group2 questions · 1 reporting period · 0 of 2 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q3
doesn't assume the higher very large load tariff ROE and to the extent that you were to be successful in that application
Show response
VLC tariff IS assumed in plan. Working individually with customers on premium ROE within the 10.48-10.98% range.
any color you could share around maybe the engagement level or the time line that conversations are progressing through?
Show response
Focus on first 1.3 GW with expansion discussions expected next year. Talking to other potential customers beyond Microsoft and Oracle.
XELXcel Energy2 questions · 1 reporting period · 0 of 2 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q1
What impact do you see from the potential new Texas legislation related to wildfires in terms of its impact to your mitigation plans
Show response
SRP under unanimous settlement; Texas legislation provides affirmative defense for compliant utilities. No material CapEx impact expected.
Have you discussed or previewed the credit implications for different transferability iterations with the rating agencies
Show response
Annual rating agency meetings in September; transferability loss seen as very low probability so not focus of prior discussions.
DTEDTE Energy1 question · 1 reporting period · 0 of 1 challenging
Calendar 2024 Q4
In terms of the potential tariff for data centers, would you look to file something soon?
Show response
COO indicated tariff filing timing depends on load ramp clarity, with current tariffs sufficient near-term but new structure needed once significant build is required.
ESEversource Energy1 question · 1 reporting period · 0 of 1 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q2
can you maybe unpack that a little bit more in detail around the implications for your business and how that could impact whether it's an AMI decision
Show response
Moreira explained the court ruled prudency must be assessed at time of investment decision, preventing introduction of new facts years later. Nolan said this significantly improves confidence in making CT investments including AMI.
PPLPPL Corporation1 question · 1 reporting period · 0 of 1 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
Given the new PJM CEO's letter and related report, any thoughts around some of the ideas proposed and the future of the capacity auction?
Show response
Sorgi endorsed PJM's recognition that market reform is needed. Supported BYOG and interruptibility proposals, noted market moving toward bilateral contracting consistent with PPL's JV strategy.
SOSouthern Company1 question · 1 reporting period · 0 of 1 challenging
Calendar 2024 Q4
Are you looking at any policy support to help attract data center growth in Alabama specifically? And are you looking at any changes to tariff design
Show response
Womack said no legislative efforts in Alabama for data center incentives. Tucker added they have tremendous flexibility in contracting with large load customers without needing tariff changes.
Challenge rate by company
Every company this analyst questioned, most questions first. A company-level rate is shown from 3 questions; below that it is withheld.
| Company | Questions | Challenge rate |
|---|---|---|
| ATO Atmos Energy | 11 | 0%none of 11 questions |
| EIX Edison International | 11 | 0%none of 11 questions |
| PCG PG&E Corporation | 8 | 0%none of 8 questions |
| PNW Pinnacle West | 7 | 0%none of 7 questions |
| FE FirstEnergy | 4 | 25%1 of 4 questions |
| EVRG Evergy | 3 | 0%none of 3 questions |
| NI NiSource | 3 | 0%none of 3 questions |
| PEG Public Service Enterprise Group | 3 | 0%none of 3 questions |
| AES AES Corporation | 2 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
| ETR Entergy | 2 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
- ATOAtmos Energy · 11 questions0%none of 11 questions
- EIXEdison International · 11 questions0%none of 11 questions
- PCGPG&E Corporation · 8 questions0%none of 8 questions
- PNWPinnacle West · 7 questions0%none of 7 questions
- FEFirstEnergy · 4 questions25%1 of 4 questions
- EVRGEvergy · 3 questions0%none of 3 questions
- NINiSource · 3 questions0%none of 3 questions
- PEGPublic Service Enterprise Group · 3 questions0%none of 3 questions
- AESAES Corporation · 2 questions—rate withheld: under 3 questions
- ETREntergy · 2 questions—rate withheld: under 3 questions
Show all 17 companies
| Company | Questions | Challenge rate |
|---|---|---|
| NRG NRG Energy | 2 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
| WEC WEC Energy Group | 2 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
| XEL Xcel Energy | 2 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
| DTE DTE Energy | 1 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
| ES Eversource Energy | 1 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
| PPL PPL Corporation | 1 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
| SO Southern Company | 1 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
- NRGNRG Energy · 2 questions—rate withheld: under 3 questions
- WECWEC Energy Group · 2 questions—rate withheld: under 3 questions
- XELXcel Energy · 2 questions—rate withheld: under 3 questions
- DTEDTE Energy · 1 question—rate withheld: under 3 questions
- ESEversource Energy · 1 question—rate withheld: under 3 questions
- PPLPPL Corporation · 1 question—rate withheld: under 3 questions
- SOSouthern Company · 1 question—rate withheld: under 3 questions
Activity by reporting period
Questions recorded for each calendar quarter that companies’ reporting periods map to (not the call date), with the challenge rate for that period. Periods inside the range with no questions are shown as “No questions recorded”.
| Calendar period | Questions | Challenge rate | Companies |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Q3 | 3 | 0%none of 3 questions | 1 |
| 2024 Q4 | 7 | 0%none of 7 questions | 4 |
| 2025 Q1 | 12 | 0%none of 12 questions | 7 |
| 2025 Q2 | 15 | 0%none of 15 questions | 8 |
| 2025 Q3 | 6 | 0%none of 6 questions | 3 |
| 2025 Q4 | 8 | 13%1 of 8 questions | 6 |
| 2026 Q1 | 9 | 0%none of 9 questions | 5 |
| 2026 Q2 | 4 | 0%none of 4 questions | 3 |
- 2024 Q33 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 3 questions) · 1 company
- 2024 Q47 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 7 questions) · 4 companies
- 2025 Q112 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 12 questions) · 7 companies
- 2025 Q215 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 15 questions) · 8 companies
- 2025 Q36 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 6 questions) · 3 companies
- 2025 Q48 questions · challenge rate 13% (1 of 8 questions) · 6 companies
- 2026 Q19 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 9 questions) · 5 companies
- 2026 Q24 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 4 questions) · 3 companies
Topics
Topics tagged on this analyst’s questions.
- Regulation Policy31
- Capex Investment19
- Demand17
- Cost Pressure8
- Cloud & AI7
- Macroeconomic5
- Revenue Growth3
- Pricing3
- Capital Allocation3
- Margin3
Show all 17 topics
- Innovation & R&D2
- Competitive Dynamics2
- Supply Chain2
- Trade Tariffs2
- Subscriber Growth1
- M&A1
- Labor Market1