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Analyst
Angie Storozynski
Period: Reporting periods mapped to calendar 2024 Q4 – 2026 Q2 (7 quarters; questions recorded in 6).
- Questions
- 59on tracked calls
- Challenge rate
- 22%13 of 59 questions
- Companies
- 10questioned at least once
- Reporting periods
- 6with questions
These figures cover the whole profile: every tracked question, all reporting periods.
How to read these numbers
Challenge rate is the share of questions that pushed back, pressed for specifics or questioned management’s assumptions. It describes how questions were asked on the calls tracked here; it does not measure whether any view turned out to be right.
Rounding. Rates are rounded to whole percentages, so a small share can show as 0% even when some questions were challenging. The count beside each rate is exact; “none of N questions” means no question was challenging.
No questions recorded. “—” means there is nothing to calculate: no questions were recorded for that period on the calls tracked here. It does not mean there was no activity.
Fewer than 3 questions. A company-level rate is withheld when fewer than 3 questions were recorded for that company; the questions are still counted everywhere else.
Small samples. Profiles with fewer than 10 questions are marked Limited sample.
Reporting periods. Questions are grouped by the calendar quarter each company’s fiscal reporting period maps to, not by the date of the call. Periods without a calendar mapping are listed separately under their fiscal label.
Questions asked
Grouped by company, most questions first. Open a company to read its questions, newest reporting period first.
Showing 59 of 59 questions from 10 companies
PPLPPL Corporation14 questions · 6 reporting periods · 4 of 14 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
are you hoping to maybe rely more on the DSIC mechanism, any ways to maybe reduce costs
Show response
Management confirmed the 2-year stay-out through July 1, 2028 and its intent to maximize time between cases via DSIC and cost discipline.
Calendar 2025 Q4
is it a onetime issue because of the rate case that you just filed, meaning that some of those earnings deficiencies get remediated in this rate case?
Show response
Bergstein said mix of both: some items remediated in rate case, others truly one-time (transmission revenue true-up). Don't expect pressures to carry forward.
you talked about potential contracting with generation assets of IPPs in Pennsylvania—at least that is what it sounded like to me. And I am wondering if you are referring to existing assets or to n...
Show response
Sorgi clarified LTRAA in legislation is for new generation only (not existing). Utility buys from IPPs under long-term contracts to promote new build. Second component allows utility ownership as backstop.
do you think that this would be, for example, deducted against the capacity deficiency that would be procured in the backstop PJM capacity auction?
Show response
Sorgi explained both load and generation would participate in PJM auctions. Pressure mounting on hyperscalers to bring new gen, PJM discounts gen more than load so need more MW gen than MW load to balance.
Calendar 2025 Q3
you mentioned that as the data center pipeline grows, the rule of thumb about how much transmission spending is needed for every gigawatt of load added no longer holds
Show response
Sorgi clarified the per-GW cost still holds but may overlap with upgrades already in the transmission plan. On JV: core strategy is new-build, not acquiring existing assets, though wouldn't preclude bridge acquisitions.
Calendar 2025 Q2
Is it possible that you could develop contract-based generation assets and that the offtaker of those contracts would be your Pennsylvania utility?
Show response
Sorgi confirmed JV selling to PPL Electric is possible but would require open RFP process due to affiliate rules.
there are a number of companies from the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic that have reported and all have shown actually weak industrial sales, actually residential sales as well
Show response
Bergstein explained PA decline was one steel customer, KY smaller industrials flat, May 2025 significantly cooler than 2024 affected cooling load. Not broadly concerning.
I have basically like about $500 million of CapEx, right, that I need to replenish in order to beat the current CapEx plan unchanged
Show response
Sorgi confirmed the midpoint of data center transmission range alone covers the CPCN CapEx shortfall, plus additional T&D opportunities beyond that.
you were filing rate cases a little bit sooner than I would have expected. Is it just because you are facing cost inflation? Is it because the sales volumes are slightly weaker
Show response
Bergstein explained long duration since last cases (PA 2016, KY 2021, RI 2018 under National Grid). Sorgi added they'll move to normal cadence going forward to fund grid strengthening.
Calendar 2025 Q1
you're not waiting for that model tariff to be established before basically finalizing these data center deals?
Show response
Sorgi emphatically confirmed PPL is not waiting for model tariff, actively signing ESAs covering multiple gigawatts.
do you still have this material benefit on the time to power benefit? And is that in a sense disproportionately benefiting your zone as far as attracting the load growth in Pennsylvania?
Show response
Sorgi confirmed continued speed advantage, consistently hearing from data center customers that working with PPL is a different experience versus peers.
we haven't seen any announcements at least public announcements about the 11 gigs or even the original 9 gigs of low growth in your zone in Pennsylvania. And I'm just wondering if -- are we waiting...
Show response
Sorgi explained data centers control their own announcement timing due to competitive positioning, confirmed signed ESAs with minimum load commitments already in place.
Calendar 2024 Q4
you have this very meaningful increase in the rate base growth. And, yes, it comes with additional equity. And I'm actually surprised that it doesn't result in an increased growth earnings growth t...
Show response
Joe acknowledged the gap between 9.8% rate base growth and 6-8% EPS growth, citing equity dilution and reasonable plan assumptions, while emphasizing long-term value of strong balance sheet.
on the 2024 results, so the hold call drag was probably the biggest surprise here
Show response
Joe clarified that 2023 tax credit benefit from WPD sale was a one-time year-over-year variance, not expected to recur going forward.
NRGNRG Energy11 questions · 5 reporting periods · 3 of 11 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
Is there any other drag like related to below-market hedges for LS Power beyond '26
Show response
Bruce confirmed some below-market hedges carry into 2027, smaller than 2026, but declined to quantify the drag until 2027 guidance next quarter.
Calendar 2025 Q4
does it incorporate a site lease? Or is there an incremental payment, for example, for the land itself on top of that?
Show response
Rob Gaudette confirmed $95 represents total capacity + variable energy value; land transactions are incremental and separate.
I'm sure you run the same math that I did. It's not actually so obvious to see that double-digit return over the life of the assets
Show response
Management emphatically stated no project proceeds without meeting 12-15% unlevered IRR hurdle rate. No speculative merchant risk appetite.
Calendar 2025 Q3
I see the slide showing the sensitivity of your gross margin to changes in forward power curves. I mean we've had finally the move in curves
Show response
Management deferred the sensitivity update to after LS Power close, not providing interim PJM power price impact.
it is surprising that they could be ahead of you in the pecking order. It's not for the fact that you guys actually have sites
Show response
Management expressed strong confidence in competitive positioning, noting many announcements by others are aspirational while NRG reports completed actions.
Calendar 2025 Q2
does it preclude you from actually potentially bidding for other assets in PJM?
Show response
NRG remains open to smaller opportunistic acquisitions at the right price, though not at LS Power scale.
the Big Beautiful Bill and its impact on -- and the tax shield it basically brings with it
Show response
Bruce Chung indicated close to $1 billion or more in incremental cash savings from bonus depreciation, primarily realized 2027-2030.
what is the difference between the contract that you just signed and the other C&I contracts?
Show response
Premium driven by long duration (10-20 years) giving customers price certainty for capital planning. Management declined to confirm colocation.
Calendar 2024 Q4
are you seeing some sort of a reaction, for example, from existing large loads, be it in the Permian or anywhere else?
Show response
Management confirmed a dramatic increase in C&I customers seeking long-term contracts as they anticipate market tightening.
How would you structure these contracts? Are these gonna be spark spread driven contracts?
Show response
Rob Gaudette explained the heat rate lock structure and NRG's gas platform capability to manage fuel risk on 10-20 year contracts.
regulated utilities are actually progressing much faster on the gas side new build and contracting for data centers than IPPs are
Show response
Management pushed back strongly, arguing the regulated vs competitive divide is false and NRG's speed to market is unmatched.
AWKAmerican Water Works7 questions · 3 reporting periods · 0 of 7 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
Could you maybe tell us what percentage of your CapEx currently qualifies for recovery under this rider?
Show response
Bowler gave the specific 40% figure and confirmed legislation would be needed to expand eligibility; Griffith added the electric comparable is near 90%.
is there any chance that you could actually stay out of rate cases longer once you become a larger company?
Show response
Griffith acknowledged economies over time but pushed back on near-term rate case cadence, since capital investment sets the filing timing.
Calendar 2025 Q2
it's not going to have diminished profitability because of the goodwill that is being paid and then just a different treatment of privately-owned asset acquisitions
Show response
Cheryl Norton directly dismissed profitability concerns from goodwill, stating no negative impact expected from the private asset acquisition structure.
Anything you guys can provide as a basis for the earnings power of this asset and how it compares to municipal M&A
Show response
Cheryl Norton characterized the Nexus deal as similar to typical acquisitions, dismissed concerns it signals reduced municipal deal flow, and confirmed municipal pipeline remains healthy.
Calendar 2024 Q4
looking at ways to, if I understand correctly, basically, retain the previous full decoupling
Show response
David Bowler confirmed AWK has filed a motion for rehearing to challenge the California commission's partial decoupling decision.
is this just more simply because you have so many growth opportunities that, again, you can smooth out the earnings trajectory
Show response
Cheryl Norton confirmed AWK can flex organic CapEx to offset M&A lumpiness while maintaining the 2% customer growth target.
you guys consider, you know, maybe using hybrids instead of traditional equity
Show response
David Bowler directly rejected hybrids as more dilutive and not cost-effective for AWK.
CEGConstellation Energy6 questions · 3 reporting periods · 0 of 6 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q4
we've had a lot of announcements -- semi-announcements about new build in PJM. How do you see those potential capacity additions?
Show response
Joe said utility return-to-build legislation hasn't gained traction. Many announced projects appear to be off-grid with limited energy/capacity market impact. Noted a lot of press release activity that may not translate to real projects.
what kind of assumptions you're making about cash taxes in that $8.4 billion free cash flow assumption for '26 and '27?
Show response
Shane said low teens effective cash tax rate for 2026-2027. Angie pushed back that FCF looked low vs standalone estimates; Shane cited higher maintenance CapEx and ongoing CTAs as partial explanation.
Calendar 2025 Q3
do you think those are comparable deals like quality-wise, firmness wise, to the ones that you guys are working on?
Show response
Joe expressed strong confidence that CEG's offerings outcompete others, judging from customer interest levels flowing through the door.
how many of these units you will be able to sign and granted that solar power curves are rising
Show response
Joe cited demand response products and uprates as BYOG equivalents. Noted PJM pulled back from BYOG requirements. Not concerned with current state of the issue.
Calendar 2025 Q1
looking at forward power curves, especially in Northern Illinois, there's been quite a dramatic pullback in those curves
Show response
Joe attributed the pullback to customers widening their geographic search for fastest interconnection, not any Illinois-specific regulatory issue.
at least listening to the hyperscalers, there's been a shift away from training facilities more to inference
Show response
Joe said 85% of expected load was always inference. Even inference data centers are now 100-150 MW. Some rationalization away from 7-10 GW super-large training facilities.
VSTVistra Corp.6 questions · 3 reporting periods · 1 of 6 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q4
how you see that requirement or that push vis-a-vis your large and growing generation portfolio?
Show response
Dore pointed to Comanche Peak and Meta deals as proof of hyperscaler interest in existing asset contracting. Co-location continues to offer speed advantage vs new build. Interconnection remains a constraint requiring continued regulatory engagement.
how you think you see the demand for long-term contracts for gas-fired new build ahead of this RBA
Show response
Dore said RBA clarity expected soon will influence bilateral vs auction contracting decisions. Commercial conversations continue in parallel regardless. Vistra submitted own RBA proposal and is heavily engaged.
Calendar 2025 Q1
your '26 guidance, you're very heavily hedged. You have a capacity auction that comes with a pricing floor
Show response
Burke defended cadence of guidance updates, still has open positions, auction to clear. Will return to standard schedule with formal multi-year guidance on Q3 call.
it's hard to tell that you have this upside potential, probably once in a generation, coming from AI
Show response
Burke explained conservative messaging style, respects customer sophistication and competitive dynamics. Interconnect queues may be 3-5x overstated. Will disclose when definitive.
Calendar 2024 Q4
are we waiting both in Texas and at FERC for the final rules to be passed? Before any deals can be announced
Show response
Dore confirmed not waiting for full clarity but acknowledged regulatory proceedings heighten change-of-law contract discussions. Storozynski pushed back noting twelve months have passed since first deal with limited progress.
why haven't we heard of any gas deals? Is it that, you know, you mentioned in the past some sort of a portfolio deals
Show response
Dore clarified gas colocation deals face same regulatory uncertainty as nuclear in both PJM and Texas. Portfolio approach discussions not holding up site-specific deals.
ESEversource Energy4 questions · 2 reporting periods · 1 of 4 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q2
if the commission doesn't approve the current transaction, you're just going to keep the asset and just address the funding needs with more equity
Show response
Nolan said hearings finished well and approval is highly likely given the legislature and governor enacted the enabling law. Would cross the bridge of rejection if it came but considers it highly unlikely.
it's not likely even with the sale of Aquarion and with securitization that there is a reduction in the total equity amount just that the equity is not going to rise meaningfully along with higher ...
Show response
Moreira confirmed Storozynski's framing that equity needs may not decline materially given potential incremental CapEx. February refresh will incorporate Aquarion proceeds, securitization timing, and 5-year capital plan update including CT AMI clarity.
this SB4 is going to apply here. So all of the commissioners need to apply on the rate case? So this is more like a test case
Show response
Nolan noted AG is elected official with messaging considerations but maintained good working relationship. Moreira emphasized strong case presentation addressing prior PURA concerns from other rate proceedings.
Calendar 2024 Q4
given that this transaction needs to be approved by PURA, if you are anticipating any roadblocks there
Show response
Nolan expressed confidence in approval, noting current rates include taxes for municipalities so the new authority can continue payments.
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SOSouthern Company4 questions · 2 reporting periods · 1 of 4 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q3
building a brand new combined cycles for a hyperscaler or whoever under a long-term contract by Southern Power meeting your return expectations
Show response
Poroch said they're evaluating and having conversations but haven't committed. Southern Power's high filter requires credit-quality counterparties, long-term contracts, no fuel risk.
the Southeast seems to come up quite a bit. I mean I'm looking at the map. There are a few options here. So I'm just wondering, is it just, as I said, preliminary discussions
Show response
Womack was unambiguous: no decision on new nuclear until all risks are mitigated. Excited about federal actions but not in a position to commit at this point.
Calendar 2025 Q2
In your case, I'm not complaining that there hasn't been enough activity on the data center site in Georgia or Mississippi, but fewer of those are sort of done along with your state utilities
Show response
Womack said they're not promotional, they don't discuss nonbinding agreements. Tucker added the regulatory approval process itself provides independent affirmation that the demand is real.
you clearly have this unique cost of capital advantage in the entire industry. That usually comes with well, with more pressure
Show response
Tucker emphasized discipline: Southern Power opportunities exist but they don't put speculative placeholders in the capital plan. Want to confirm sustainability before acknowledging upside in outlook.
ETREntergy3 questions · 2 reporting periods · 0 of 3 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q3
we've all read about the Manhattan sized data center in your Louisiana service territory from Meta. So how much of that is currently covered by ESAs
Show response
CEO confirmed only original 2 GW Meta ESA in outlook. Any expansion not included. Large data centers only added with signed ESA, unlike probability-weighted traditional industrial.
Calendar 2025 Q2
how it should have impacted your dilution math in your growth rate
Show response
CFO noted equity contracted forward into 2027 at existing prices. Higher stock price helpful for 2027-2028 equity needs not yet contracted.
about residential sales being weak, weather-normalized residential sales being weak this quarter and basically flattish year-to-date
Show response
CFO attributed Q2 residential weakness to Q1 strength normalizing over full year, about flat overall, not a pattern. On costs, noted competitive new-build costs vs industry with continuous improvement.
DTEDTE Energy2 questions · 1 reporting period · 1 of 2 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q3
it's kind of surprising to see that there is less of growth opportunities for Vantage in this day and age where you have this seemingly an explosion of behind-the-meter generation
Show response
CEO acknowledged behind-the-meter opportunity and noted first data center project (outside Michigan, CT-based primary power) will inform whether to scale the vertical. Design settled on for redundancy.
how do they compare versus the load that you currently serve? Yes, like a percentage-wise, how big of an impact is it?
Show response
CEO quantified 1.4 GW deal as 25% load increase, providing clear frame for incremental gigawatt additions.
EIXEdison International2 questions · 1 reporting period · 2 of 2 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q2
what's the incentive really to as an investor to support California utilities given the headaches that I just mentioned
Show response
CEO acknowledged it feels bumpy but pointed to California's track record of ultimately doing the right thing. CFO added that AB 1054 enhancement is a foundation, with broader societal solutions to follow.
is it fair to assume that SCE would have a disproportionately large contribution versus other utilities
Show response
CEO declined to speculate on allocation, noting they will evaluate the full package of terms before making any determination.
Challenge rate by company
Every company this analyst questioned, most questions first. A company-level rate is shown from 3 questions; below that it is withheld.
| Company | Questions | Challenge rate |
|---|---|---|
| PPL PPL Corporation | 14 | 29%4 of 14 questions |
| NRG NRG Energy | 11 | 27%3 of 11 questions |
| AWK American Water Works | 7 | 0%none of 7 questions |
| CEG Constellation Energy | 6 | 0%none of 6 questions |
| VST Vistra Corp. | 6 | 17%1 of 6 questions |
| ES Eversource Energy | 4 | 25%1 of 4 questions |
| SO Southern Company | 4 | 25%1 of 4 questions |
| ETR Entergy | 3 | 0%none of 3 questions |
| DTE DTE Energy | 2 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
| EIX Edison International | 2 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
- PPLPPL Corporation · 14 questions29%4 of 14 questions
- NRGNRG Energy · 11 questions27%3 of 11 questions
- AWKAmerican Water Works · 7 questions0%none of 7 questions
- CEGConstellation Energy · 6 questions0%none of 6 questions
- VSTVistra Corp. · 6 questions17%1 of 6 questions
- ESEversource Energy · 4 questions25%1 of 4 questions
- SOSouthern Company · 4 questions25%1 of 4 questions
- ETREntergy · 3 questions0%none of 3 questions
- DTEDTE Energy · 2 questions—rate withheld: under 3 questions
- EIXEdison International · 2 questions—rate withheld: under 3 questions
Activity by reporting period
Questions recorded for each calendar quarter that companies’ reporting periods map to (not the call date), with the challenge rate for that period. Periods inside the range with no questions are shown as “No questions recorded”.
| Calendar period | Questions | Challenge rate | Companies |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Q4 | 11 | 18%2 of 11 questions | 5 |
| 2025 Q1 | 7 | 29%2 of 7 questions | 3 |
| 2025 Q2 | 18 | 33%6 of 18 questions | 7 |
| 2025 Q3 | 10 | 10%1 of 10 questions | 6 |
| 2025 Q4 | 9 | 11%1 of 9 questions | 4 |
| 2026 Q1 | No questions recorded | — | — |
| 2026 Q2 | 4 | 25%1 of 4 questions | 3 |
- 2024 Q411 questions · challenge rate 18% (2 of 11 questions) · 5 companies
- 2025 Q17 questions · challenge rate 29% (2 of 7 questions) · 3 companies
- 2025 Q218 questions · challenge rate 33% (6 of 18 questions) · 7 companies
- 2025 Q310 questions · challenge rate 10% (1 of 10 questions) · 6 companies
- 2025 Q49 questions · challenge rate 11% (1 of 9 questions) · 4 companies
- 2026 Q1No questions recorded
- 2026 Q24 questions · challenge rate 25% (1 of 4 questions) · 3 companies
Topics
Topics tagged on this analyst’s questions.
- Regulation Policy19
- Competitive Dynamics12
- Cloud & AI11
- Demand11
- Capex Investment10
- Pricing10
- M&A9
- Capital Allocation8
- Margin5
- Cost Pressure4
Show all 16 topics
- Guidance Reliability3
- Revenue Growth2
- Macroeconomic2
- Innovation & R&D1
- Credit1
- Geographic Expansion1