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Analyst

Sophie Karp

KeyBanc Capital Markets · covers Utilities

Period: Reporting periods mapped to calendar 2025 Q1 – 2026 Q2 (6 quarters).

Questions
54on tracked calls
Challenge rate
6%3 of 54 questions
Companies
14questioned at least once
Reporting periods
6with questions

These figures cover the whole profile: every tracked question, all reporting periods.

How to read these numbers

Challenge rate is the share of questions that pushed back, pressed for specifics or questioned management’s assumptions. It describes how questions were asked on the calls tracked here; it does not measure whether any view turned out to be right.

Rounding. Rates are rounded to whole percentages, so a small share can show as 0% even when some questions were challenging. The count beside each rate is exact; “none of N questions” means no question was challenging.

No questions recorded. “—” means there is nothing to calculate: no questions were recorded for that period on the calls tracked here. It does not mean there was no activity.

Fewer than 3 questions. A company-level rate is withheld when fewer than 3 questions were recorded for that company; the questions are still counted everywhere else.

Small samples. Profiles with fewer than 10 questions are marked Limited sample.

Reporting periods. Questions are grouped by the calendar quarter each company’s fiscal reporting period maps to, not by the date of the call. Periods without a calendar mapping are listed separately under their fiscal label.

Questions asked

Grouped by company, most questions first. Open a company to read its questions, newest reporting period first.

Showing 54 of 54 questions from 14 companies

ESEversource Energy7 questions · 5 reporting periods · 0 of 7 challenging
ES company page →

Calendar 2026 Q2

you are 1 of the few peers that do not explicitly have a rate based growth target in your materials

Guidance ReliabilityCapex InvestmentTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

John declined to add an explicit target, pointing to existing disclosure and a rate base that has grown slightly over 8% CAGR.

on, I guess, the AMIs, right, can you maybe talk a little bit about the timeline of the of the rollout there? And how will that reflect in rate base

Capex InvestmentRegulation PolicyTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

John described a five-year journey, sought an expedited Connecticut decision this fall to lock in vendor pricing, and noted some of the $1B spend falls beyond the forecast period.

Calendar 2026 Q1

what are you seeing in terms of a policy response across your territories to the potential impacts from higher energy pricing?

Regulation PolicyDemandTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

Nolan provided comprehensive response on new generation additions, data center resistance policy, and Enbridge gas pipeline partnership.

how are you thinking about the timing of equity capital? Does it make sense to issue the amount that you need now, or would you wait and see these pieces fall into place

Capital AllocationTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

Moreira reiterated $800M-$1.1B equity need through 2030, noted the 5x oversubscribed junior subordinated notes offering and $2B incoming from securitization proceeds.

Calendar 2025 Q4

can you give us some sense when is the COD on the Revolution Wind going to occur after you have first power

Show response

Moreira confirmed COD targeted H2 2026. Schedule pulled in significantly and continues to improve. Only weather is a risk factor. Orsted has disclosure lead on first power timing. Will provide market updates as clarity develops.

Calendar 2025 Q3

what legally constitutes kind of the end of the Revolution project as far as your agreement with Orsted

Show response

Nolan confirmed COD (commercial operation date) is the trigger for Eversource obligations to end. COD means full operation, turnover of all documents, and PPA in full force, following same protocol as South Fork.

Calendar 2025 Q1

I was wondering about the upcoming Millstone recontracting rate. So kind of along the lines of would that present an opportunity

Regulation PolicyPricingTranscript · FY2025 Q1 →
Show response

Nolan acknowledged the 1,000 MW Millstone contract expiring in 2029 is important but said it is too early to discuss future terms. Needs collaborative work with administration.

ETREntergy7 questions · 4 reporting periods · 0 of 7 challenging
ETR company page →

Calendar 2026 Q1

Do you feel like you have sufficient regulatory recovery mechanisms in place? And is there a risk of some regulatory fatigue

Show response

Drew expressed confidence in regulatory support, citing Louisiana Lightning Initiative as evidence of constructive regulatory adaptation. No fatigue expected given customer benefits.

how the -- I guess the situation in oil markets and around the conflict in the Middle East, is impacting your industrial customers

MacroeconomicDemandTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

Drew noted geopolitical dynamics have generally benefited Gulf Coast industrial customers through wider oil-gas spreads and increased on-shoring interest.

Calendar 2025 Q3

could you help us and break it down by, I guess, the stage it's in, like how much of that is in the ESA stage

Show response

CFO clarified 7-12 GW is entirely pipeline opportunity, not signed ESAs. All incremental to signed ESAs already in plan. CEO added total pipeline goes well beyond 12 GW.

do you envision that you will need something more beyond your regular formula rate plan proceedings to accommodate that growth

Show response

CEO detailed jurisdiction-specific mechanisms: Mississippi has economic development fast-track, Arkansas has new Jobs Act rider, Louisiana has expedited processes. All somewhat accelerated.

Calendar 2025 Q2

how storms and data center customers are going to coexist in your territory. Clearly, that doesn't seem to be a huge concern for them

DemandCloud & AICompetitive DynamicsTranscript · FY2025 Q2 →
Show response

CEO explained data centers locate inland (Meta in NE Louisiana, Amazon north of Jackson). New generation and 500kV transmission also built further from coast to modern hardened standards.

Calendar 2025 Q1

what kind of market signal would make you take a closer look at nuclear and maybe bring those opportunities forward

Innovation & R&DCapex InvestmentSupply ChainTranscript · FY2025 Q1 →
Show response

CEO outlined nuclear path including Mississippi early site permit. Key constraint is construction risk management and customer willingness to pay. Gas plant queue positions support 2028-2029 builds.

How should we think about potential financial impacts of those? Obviously, this is a positive, but -- how much would that be

Regulation PolicyCapital AllocationTranscript · FY2025 Q1 →
Show response

CFO confirmed Arkansas legislation enables faster build and lower customer costs through CWIP recovery. Specific financial quantification pending. Texas securitization acceleration to 150 days reduces carrying costs.

XELXcel Energy7 questions · 4 reporting periods · 1 of 7 challenging
XEL company page →

Calendar 2026 Q2

I was curious where you stand on new nuclear, a lot of your peers are beginning to, I guess, nibble at that a little bit

Capex InvestmentInnovation & R&DTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Frenzel drew a clear line between personal advocacy for national nuclear policy and Xcel's own plan, stating flatly the company will not be an early adopter of new nuclear.

Is there anything in the large and load tariffs in your core territories that could be a source of pushback as well?

ChallengingRegulation PolicyCompetitive DynamicsTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Van Abel addressed the risk head-on, noting hyperscaler involvement in drafting the Minnesota tariff and conceding some Xcel provisions are stricter than peers'.

Calendar 2026 Q1

Is there a way for you to quantify customer benefits from incremental data center load as it materializes like some of your peers are doing

DemandCloud & AIPricingTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

CEO provided Google-specific quantification (1% to 2% residential benefit per GW) and noted fixed cost sharing on transmission grid is key driver.

Calendar 2025 Q3

With the oil prices like being kind of where they are, is there any reason to be concerned about that trend

DemandMacroeconomicTranscript · FY2025 Q3 →
Show response

Delaware Basin is lowest-cost globally; electrification trend provides second growth driver independent of commodity prices.

will we see this same trend play out in your service territories at some point

Capex InvestmentCloud & AITranscript · FY2025 Q3 →
Show response

4.5 GW gas and 5+ GW storage coming alongside renewables; geographic advantage makes wind/solar highly competitive.

Calendar 2025 Q2

Have you explored -- or you likely to explore alternatives to equity rates, such as maybe selling of some of the noncore assets

Capital AllocationTranscript · FY2025 Q2 →
Show response

Management not interested in minority interest sales; views all assets as core; comfortable with ATM equity program.

Could you remind us if there was any sort of range of estimate on the damages

Show response

No aggregate damage estimate disclosed; insurance companies paid approximately $2 billion in property damage claims.

WECWEC Energy Group5 questions · 3 reporting periods · 0 of 5 challenging
WEC company page →

Calendar 2026 Q2

How would you characterize the overall atmosphere in the state? And have you engaged with any of the candidates yet

Regulation PolicyMacroeconomicTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Direct: named the primary field and the August 11 date, and described a decades-long record of working with both parties.

Calendar 2026 Q1

what kind of feedback, if any, have you heard so far from the existing hyperscale customers and the potential others

DemandRegulation PolicyTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

Lauber said no surprising feedback from customers on VLC modifications; everyone awaiting written order for clarity.

can you give us some reminder what other options the owners of this asset would even have on the Wisconsin

Competitive DynamicsTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

Lauber declined to speculate on NextEra's options, directing analyst to ask them directly.

Calendar 2025 Q3

could you make it very clear to us what's actually in the plan of the recent gigawatts of announcements

Show response

In plan: 2.1 GW SE Wisconsin (Microsoft + others) and 1.3 GW Vantage/Oracle. Not in plan: additional 2+ GW at Port Washington and 700+ acres Microsoft.

What do you expect the economics to be for the rest of the rate base?

Regulation PolicyMarginTranscript · FY2025 Q3 →
Show response

Confirmed remaining rate base assumes current authorized returns. VLC customers pay fair share with no subsidy or impact on other customers.

CMSCMS Energy4 questions · 3 reporting periods · 0 of 4 challenging
CMS company page →

Calendar 2026 Q2

Could we talk a little bit about the economics of the remaining peakers and the solar, I guess, assets in Michigan?

Capital AllocationMarginTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Maddipati said the peakers are contracted similarly to DIG and retained solar is on long-term contract, generating cash flow that helps the parent even without significant earnings past 2027. Rate-basing them was called too early.

how are you thinking about demonstrating, I guess, customer benefits from data centers from your contracts?

PricingRegulation PolicyTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Rochow gave the explicit rule of thumb of roughly $7.50 per month of bill benefit per gigawatt, flowing back to customers through the rate case process. Maddipati added that fixed costs spread over a bigger base under the tariff.

Calendar 2026 Q1

Is it fair to think about deemphasizing data centers in that pipeline? Any change in attractiveness of your service territory for hyperscalers?

DemandSubscriber GrowthTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

Garrick said data centers remain a key part of the growth story alongside diverse manufacturing, defense, agriculture, and food processing. Rejji added about 15% of the 9 GW backlog is non-data-center (over 1 GW), and non-data-center opportunities bring higher-margin residential and commercial spillover effects.

Calendar 2025 Q1

the unemployment rate in which was a little elevated for the state. What are you seeing from your customer if anything

MacroeconomicDemandTranscript · FY2025 Q1 →
Show response

Garrick cited strong indicators: permits and housing starts rising in Grand Rapids, customer-requested relocations above pre-pandemic levels, diversified economy including 4,000 defense businesses.

DTEDTE Energy4 questions · 2 reporting periods · 1 of 4 challenging
DTE company page →

Calendar 2025 Q2

any color you could share on how the electric rate case is going?

Regulation PolicyCapex InvestmentTranscript · FY2025 Q2 →
Show response

COO noted case in audit/discovery, staff testimony August 22, proposed final decision December, final order February. IRM expansion and Liberty audit alignment central to case.

Is there a way for us to think about how much of a revenue increase is displaced by the addition of data center customers?

Show response

COO framed data centers as 40% load increase providing headroom on rates; CFO noted data centers operate at 90% load factor vs system's 50%, providing substantial affordability benefit.

Calendar 2025 Q1

Does that actually mean that you have panels on the ground already, or to say, or just some part of that?

ChallengingTrade TariffsSupply ChainTranscript · FY2025 Q1 →
Show response

COO confirmed physical panel inventory warehoused through 2027, providers on-shoring production, and tariff risk being shifted to panel suppliers.

is there a new pathway to settle in this time around? Has anything changed in this regulatory landscape

Show response

COO indicated settlement discussions remain open; staff testimony expected in August, worst-case order in February timeframe.

Show 8 more companies
FEFirstEnergy4 questions · 3 reporting periods · 0 of 4 challenging
FE company page →

Calendar 2026 Q2

I was wondering if there's any jurisdictions that you have that still have sort of enough room for improvement

MarginRegulation PolicyTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Taylor named West Virginia, New Jersey and Maryland as the under-earning jurisdictions driving the rate case calendar.

most recent thinking on the PJM proposals with respect to connect and manage various cost allocation initiatives

Regulation PolicyCompetitive DynamicsTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Framed the open question as who pays and who provides credit support, and quantified FirstEnergy's small backstop allocation.

Calendar 2025 Q3

How do you envision a response on the state level from policymakers to these rising consumer energy costs

Regulation PolicyMacroeconomicTranscript · FY2025 Q3 →
Show response

Tierney advocating for 2-tiered capacity structure and other mechanisms to attract actual new generation rather than transferring wealth to existing IPPs.

Calendar 2025 Q2

when do you plan to file under the new framework? Will that depend on the certain outcomes in the existing rate case

Show response

Tierney explained timing depends on current case outcome, if investment recovery denied, they'll file immediately under new framework.

AEEAmeren3 questions · 2 reporting periods · 0 of 3 challenging
AEE company page →

Calendar 2026 Q2

I just wanted to clarify a little bit on the 6.2% sales CAGR. Does that include the 2.8 GW of recent ESAs

DemandRevenue GrowthTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Marty clarified the 6.2% CAGR was a prior IRP planning assumption including some large-load growth; the 2.8 GW of signed ESAs represent upside to that baseline.

Calendar 2025 Q4

do you see yourself having a role in actively educating these communities to prevent those outcomes?

Regulation PolicyDemandTranscript · FY2025 Q4 →
Show response

Lyons scoped AEE's role to energy reliability and affordability messaging, deferring broader community benefit communication to developers and hyperscalers.

Can you talk a little bit about the regulatory climate in that state? How it has been evolving?

Regulation PolicyCapex InvestmentTranscript · FY2025 Q4 →
Show response

Lyons cited stabilizing IL environment: ROE moved from 9.44% to 9.60% in gas case, rate base grew, reconciliation approved. New IRP process viewed as constructive step for resource adequacy.

CEGConstellation Energy3 questions · 2 reporting periods · 0 of 3 challenging
CEG company page →

Calendar 2026 Q2

what do you guys see as the next step in the co-location process in the PJM?

Regulation PolicyCompetitive DynamicsTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Asked the next step and timing for PJM co-location clarity; Joe expects a FERC order far ahead of PJM's prior 2029 target.

Calendar 2025 Q2

are there any other provisions there that you can discuss that may indirectly benefit you maybe related to depreciation

Regulation PolicyCapital AllocationTranscript · FY2025 Q2 →
Show response

Dan quantified bonus depreciation and R&D expensing at $200-300M annual cash benefit, with Calpine expected to add to that post-close.

utilities are increasingly requiring longer-term contracts, some take-or-pay features in those contracts

Regulation PolicyDemandTranscript · FY2025 Q2 →
Show response

Joe argued states imposing onerous costs on data centers is self-defeating since grid effects cross state borders. Noted Pennsylvania and Northern Virginia deliberately friendly to data economy.

PEGPublic Service Enterprise Group3 questions · 2 reporting periods · 0 of 3 challenging
PEG company page →

Calendar 2026 Q2

Are you guys seeing attractive opportunities to contract bilaterally for new builds like outside of the PJM contract

DemandCompetitive DynamicsTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Dan said most new load will be pulled into the RBP process, though other state-level venues could prompt some generation.

Calendar 2026 Q1

I am curious if you see any opportunities for yourselves in the upcoming PJM transmission open window.

Capex InvestmentCompetitive DynamicsTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

Cregg confirmed careful evaluation of summer open window, deep transmission construction experience. Capital plan does not yet include unawarded competitive projects.

Is there an option for your New Jersey assets to have virtual PPAs, virtual offtake with a facility elsewhere, or is that not a major focus right now?

Cloud & AICompetitive DynamicsTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

Cregg confirmed both NJ and PA nuclear units can serve load beyond their zone via the regional grid, affirming virtual PPA potential.

PNWPinnacle West3 questions · 2 reporting periods · 0 of 3 challenging
PNW company page →

Calendar 2025 Q2

At what point do you think your kind of rate base CAGR begins to inflect to the upside? And how do you think about the timing of maybe quantifying it for investors

Capex InvestmentGuidance ReliabilityTranscript · FY2025 Q2 →
Show response

Andrew pointed to pipeline unlocking new generation, strategic transmission beyond run rate, and formula rate enabling even capital recovery. Capital plan rollforward expected on Q3 call.

Calendar 2025 Q1

I'm wondering if you ever contemplated the 645kV line, maybe, in your territory. Does that make sense ever?

Show response

Ted said current projects are mostly 230kV with 500kV expansion longer-term. Right-of-way constraints often determine voltage needs. No 645kV requirement foreseen.

Do you need, I guess, upside items in the rest of the year to kind of counter the lumpiness in the first quarter or was this already contemplated when you issued guidance, just to clarify?

Cost PressureGuidance ReliabilityTranscript · FY2025 Q1 →
Show response

Ted confirmed O&M timing was fully contemplated in original guidance. No upside items needed to offset Q1 lumpiness.

CNPCenterPoint Energy2 questions · 1 reporting period · 0 of 2 challenging
CNP company page →

Calendar 2026 Q2

just on the timeline of batch zero process and the and the interconnection of all these projects

Capex InvestmentSupply ChainTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Gave concrete milestones (August 7 confirmation, 3 GW in 2027, long lead materials secured) and flagged studied-load projects may slip to April 2027.

you will be able to show customer benefits in some tangible way when you have your first customer there signed up

Regulation PolicyDemandTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Said benefits are immediate because existing capacity gets absorbed by the new load, showing up as reduced bills rather than credits.

AEPAmerican Electric Power1 question · 1 reporting period · 0 of 1 challenging
AEP company page →

Calendar 2025 Q4

talk a little bit about the potential permitting reform that is brewing in the U.S., I guess, on the federal level. And what kind of opportunities might that unlock

Regulation PolicyCapex InvestmentTranscript · FY2025 Q4 →
Show response

Fehrman said AEP is engaged with Senate leadership, Secretary Wright at DOE, and Secretary Burgum at Interior on permitting reform to accelerate infrastructure development. Outcome uncertain in current environment.

SRESempra1 question · 1 reporting period · 1 of 1 challenging
SRE company page →

Calendar 2025 Q3

Could there be a more decisive step to deemphasize California or maybe through some strategic options for your California utilities

ChallengingCapital AllocationTranscript · FY2025 Q3 →
Show response

Jeff defended California's strategic value as a balance sheet complement (SoCalGas 23-24% FFO-to-debt quality), credit diversifier, and leadership position in America's two largest economies, while acknowledging capital allocation priority toward Texas.

Challenge rate by company

Every company this analyst questioned, most questions first. A company-level rate is shown from 3 questions; below that it is withheld.

CompanyQuestionsChallenge rate
ES Eversource Energy70%none of 7 questions
ETR Entergy70%none of 7 questions
XEL Xcel Energy714%1 of 7 questions
WEC WEC Energy Group50%none of 5 questions
CMS CMS Energy40%none of 4 questions
DTE DTE Energy425%1 of 4 questions
FE FirstEnergy40%none of 4 questions
AEE Ameren30%none of 3 questions
CEG Constellation Energy30%none of 3 questions
PEG Public Service Enterprise Group30%none of 3 questions
  • ES
    Eversource Energy · 7 questions
    0%none of 7 questions
  • ETR
    Entergy · 7 questions
    0%none of 7 questions
  • XEL
    Xcel Energy · 7 questions
    14%1 of 7 questions
  • WEC
    WEC Energy Group · 5 questions
    0%none of 5 questions
  • CMS
    CMS Energy · 4 questions
    0%none of 4 questions
  • DTE
    DTE Energy · 4 questions
    25%1 of 4 questions
  • FE
    FirstEnergy · 4 questions
    0%none of 4 questions
  • AEE
    Ameren · 3 questions
    0%none of 3 questions
  • CEG
    Constellation Energy · 3 questions
    0%none of 3 questions
  • PEG
    Public Service Enterprise Group · 3 questions
    0%none of 3 questions
Show all 14 companies
CompanyQuestionsChallenge rate
PNW Pinnacle West30%none of 3 questions
CNP CenterPoint Energy2—Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions
AEP American Electric Power1—Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions
SRE Sempra1—Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions
  • PNW
    Pinnacle West · 3 questions
    0%none of 3 questions
  • CNP
    CenterPoint Energy · 2 questions
    —rate withheld: under 3 questions
  • AEP
    American Electric Power · 1 question
    —rate withheld: under 3 questions
  • SRE
    Sempra · 1 question
    —rate withheld: under 3 questions

Activity by reporting period

Questions recorded for each calendar quarter that companies’ reporting periods map to (not the call date), with the challenge rate for that period. Periods inside the range with no questions are shown as “No questions recorded”.

Questions by calendar reporting period
Calendar periodQuestionsChallenge rateCompanies
2025 Q1813%1 of 8 questions5
2025 Q290%none of 9 questions6
2025 Q3911%1 of 9 questions6
2025 Q440%none of 4 questions3
2026 Q1100%none of 10 questions6
2026 Q2147%1 of 14 questions9
  1. 2025 Q18 questions · challenge rate 13% (1 of 8 questions) · 5 companies
  2. 2025 Q29 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 9 questions) · 6 companies
  3. 2025 Q39 questions · challenge rate 11% (1 of 9 questions) · 6 companies
  4. 2025 Q44 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 4 questions) · 3 companies
  5. 2026 Q110 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 10 questions) · 6 companies
  6. 2026 Q214 questions · challenge rate 7% (1 of 14 questions) · 9 companies

Topics

Topics tagged on this analyst’s questions.

  • Regulation Policy25
  • Demand15
  • Capex Investment14
  • Competitive Dynamics8
  • Cloud & AI7
  • Capital Allocation6
  • Macroeconomic5
  • Pricing4
  • Margin3
  • Supply Chain3
Show all 16 topics
  • Guidance Reliability3
  • Innovation & R&D2
  • Revenue Growth1
  • Subscriber Growth1
  • Trade Tariffs1
  • Cost Pressure1