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Analyst

John Todaro

Needham · covers Technology, Financial Services

Period: Reporting periods mapped to calendar 2024 Q3 – 2026 Q3 (9 quarters).

Questions
46on tracked calls
Challenge rate
15%7 of 46 questions
Companies
7questioned at least once
Reporting periods
9with questions

These figures cover the whole profile: every tracked question, all reporting periods.

How to read these numbers

Challenge rate is the share of questions that pushed back, pressed for specifics or questioned management’s assumptions. It describes how questions were asked on the calls tracked here; it does not measure whether any view turned out to be right.

Rounding. Rates are rounded to whole percentages, so a small share can show as 0% even when some questions were challenging. The count beside each rate is exact; “none of N questions” means no question was challenging.

No questions recorded. “—” means there is nothing to calculate: no questions were recorded for that period on the calls tracked here. It does not mean there was no activity.

Fewer than 3 questions. A company-level rate is withheld when fewer than 3 questions were recorded for that company; the questions are still counted everywhere else.

Small samples. Profiles with fewer than 10 questions are marked Limited sample.

Reporting periods. Questions are grouped by the calendar quarter each company’s fiscal reporting period maps to, not by the date of the call. Periods without a calendar mapping are listed separately under their fiscal label.

Questions asked

Grouped by company, most questions first. Open a company to read its questions, newest reporting period first.

Showing 46 of 46 questions from 7 companies

APLDApplied Digital Corp.11 questions · 7 reporting periods · 1 of 11 challenging
APLD company page →

Calendar 2026 Q3

what steps do you need to take to ensure you kind of get there? How much is reliant on Base Electron?

Capex InvestmentGeographic ExpansionTranscript · FY2027 Q1 →
Show response

Wes clarified the 3.5-4 GW target, said power is in the pipeline, and that delivering ~1 GW/yr in '29-'30 is the main constraint.

could we almost expect ChronoScale to be at 400 megawatts or so in Applied Digital sites almost like what CoreWeave did

Cloud & AIRevenue GrowthTranscript · FY2027 Q1 →
Show response

Wes said ChronoScale will secure smaller grid-tied sites outside Applied's large campuses, potentially multiple hundreds of MW.

Calendar 2026 Q2

you had mentioned the NOI margin at 91%. Just wondering if that's kind of more so the target number we should go with

Show response

Saidal said NOI margins should rise post-RFS as sites mature and campuses add buildings (economies of scale); no single firm target, and timing varies by region.

you've mentioned in the past you can work on 7 campuses simultaneously, you're at 5 now

Capex InvestmentGeographic ExpansionTranscript · FY2026 Q4 →
Show response

Wes said the 7-campus simultaneous limit could go higher but he won't overextend; execution/delivery and operations must stay dialed in, with supply chain the real limit.

Calendar 2026 Q1

has there just been any aspect, whether terms or rates that have changed that have maybe made conversations a little bit more difficult in getting the leases done?

ChallengingDemandCompetitive DynamicsTranscript · FY2026 Q3 →
Show response

Wes acknowledged every lease is different and utility guarantees have been newer for them, but said he cannot point to a market-wide change -- each campus has its own nuances and he feels the leases are on track to sign this year.

Calendar 2025 Q4

Is there still additional kind of pockets to acquire more fairly near-term power?

Capex InvestmentGeographic ExpansionTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Wes said the company keeps finding more power opportunities weekly; current in-flight projects are all organic, with third-party options under continual evaluation.

what you learned from that execution and give us confidence in how you'd be able to continue to execute on those builds

Capex InvestmentSupply ChainTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Wes credited design and construction refinements since 2022, standardized SKUs and suppliers, and secured MEP supply for confidence in on-time, on-budget delivery.

Calendar 2025 Q3

Is there any, I guess, expected power to come online potentially in 2026 or 2027 in the pipeline?

Capex InvestmentRegulation PolicyTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

Wes (question taken by Austin Ortiz for John Todaro) said South Dakota power will be available in 2026; the gating item is a sales-tax exemption for data center IT equipment that 41 other states already have.

Calendar 2025 Q1

Is the thinking still that whoever takes the 100 megawatts at Ellendale does the full 400 megawatts for the campus?

DemandCapex InvestmentTranscript · FY2025 Q3 →
Show response

Direct, reiterated the expectation that a single customer takes the full 400 MW Ellendale campus, with building 2 ready for service end of Q2 CY2026.

How long is, I guess, left on those leases? And then one other -- what other piece would effectively be

M&ACapital AllocationTranscript · FY2025 Q3 →
Show response

Direct, third-party data center leases run generally five to seven years with extensions; GPUs and some software are the primary assets in the sale.

Calendar 2024 Q3

Do we think economics is going to be kind of the same for each?

Capex InvestmentMarginTranscript · FY2025 Q1 →
Show response

Direct: the two leases use different structures (a colo-style $/kW lease and a yield-on-cost model) but are economically similar; management confirmed the process is now mostly clerical.

RIOTRiot Platforms, Inc.11 questions · 6 reporting periods · 3 of 11 challenging
RIOT company page →

Calendar 2026 Q2

Wanted to ask on Corsicana, nice to see the LOIs for the full site, and it's going to be with one tenant.

Cloud & AICapex InvestmentTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Les gave extensive color on the calculated marketing approach for the site but declined to identify the tenant, noting LOIs remain subject to uncertainty.

Calendar 2026 Q1

is there anything beyond your conversations where there is changes in demand signals or something of that nature in the last several weeks or months

Show response

Management cited hyperscaler earnings confirming growing CapEx and continued compute shortages, noting different buyers are in different phases of their buying cycle and Riot is positioned to rapidly respond to customer interest.

I was wondering if we could get an update on current lease discussions maybe beyond AMD on Rockdale and Corsicana, how you would characterize how those have progressed since last quarter

Show response

Management confirmed discussions advanced considerably with no gating items, noting ability to check the box affirmatively on the vast majority of hyperscaler requirements validates their methodical preparation approach.

Calendar 2025 Q4

if we could just drill a little bit more into that leasing pipeline, the demand environment, how those conversations have evolved and kind of any timeline guardrails

Show response

Management outlined the progression from basis of design to technical discussions to commercial phase, noting the AMD deal materially increased quality and seriousness of inbound interest and targeting additional announcements in 2026.

is there a preference from you guys? Do you want to kind of mix in a couple of these different segments or hyperscaler does have demand for the whole thing

Show response

Management confirmed flexibility for both configurations but noted all serious Corsicana interest has been for the entire site, suggesting single-tenant is the most likely outcome there.

Calendar 2025 Q3

is there still some additional power out there that you guys could procure

Show response

Jason Chung confirmed active evaluation of power expansion opportunities but noted a higher threshold for allocation of time and resources given the existing portfolio that needs development.

Can you just give us an update, in particular, on the discussions you're having with potential tenants for those first few builds and what you need to do from here to get a finalized lease

Show response

Management declined to comment on specific discussions but cited hyperscaler commentary validating growing power bottlenecks, emphasizing focus on high-quality credit tenants and derisked delivery timelines.

Calendar 2025 Q1

do you get the sense that if they want a power shell instead of that, you would maybe just do Bitcoin Mining with Corsicana

ChallengingCloud & AITranscript · FY2025 Q1 →
Show response

Management firmly rejected the Bitcoin mining fallback framing, stating full commitment to the data center path as the value-maximizing approach.

You mentioned an LOI is not in place right now. I just want to confirm that

Show response

Management confirmed no LOI exists, clarified that build-to-suit maximizes Riot's value though hyperscalers are evaluating all structures.

Calendar 2024 Q4

have you noticed any change recently versus maybe a few weeks ago or a month or so ago

ChallengingCloud & AITranscript · FY2024 Q4 →
Show response

Despite analyst raising market skepticism about AI demand, management said they have not seen any change in hyperscaler interest levels.

the guys who like HPC don't really like Bitcoin. So do you spin off one of them or how do they complement each other

ChallengingCapital AllocationCloud & AITranscript · FY2024 Q4 →
Show response

Management framed Bitcoin as the foundational growth engine that funded the asset base now enabling AI/HPC, rejecting the premise of incompatibility.

CLSKCleanSpark, Inc.8 questions · 6 reporting periods · 2 of 8 challenging
CLSK company page →

Calendar 2026 Q2

Can you just very explicitly walk through your unsigned Texas capacity?

Geographic ExpansionRegulation PolicyTranscript · FY2026 Q3 →
Show response

Harry detailed Sealy (Batch Zero go status with 2025 ERCOT approval), Brazoria phase I go status, and 300 MW still awaiting base-load vs studied-load determination.

is there any kind of hyperscalers or chip manufacturers that are getting more aggressive in looking at sites?

DemandCompetitive DynamicsTranscript · FY2026 Q3 →
Show response

Matt said there was no demand pullback and inbound inquiries ramped over the prior 48 hours, especially for the Washington, Georgia site.

Calendar 2026 Q1

just any kind of range we should think about on a hashrate moving forward?

Revenue GrowthCapex InvestmentTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Gary Vecchiarelli said newly deployed efficient immersion miners should push hashrate toward 55 by year-end, subject to Bitcoin price and network difficulty; a direct, quantified answer.

Is it still kind of the advanced conversations that was framed before as an IG hyperscale?

Show response

Matt Schultz said the lead tenant conversation is consistent with prior framing with no new update; a direct but limited answer.

Calendar 2025 Q4

are we kind of down to 1 potential tenant that seems much further along? Or is there kind of 3 that are in final competition stages

ChallengingCloud & AICompetitive DynamicsTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

Management acknowledged a clear Sandersville frontrunner it is co-designing with, but declined to name it or fully close the competitive picture.

Calendar 2025 Q3

as it relates to the AI readiness at Sandersville, just remind us if that site has forced curtailment

Cloud & AICapex InvestmentTranscript · FY2025 Q4 →
Show response

Harry confirmed the Georgia/MEAG power at Sandersville is not subject to forced curtailment, supporting an AI campus use case.

Calendar 2025 Q2

Can you just help me understand the risks in the yield-generating strategy? Just kind of where could the model break down

ChallengingCapital AllocationTranscript · FY2025 Q3 →
Show response

Todaro pressed on risks in the 40% yield strategy; Vecchiarelli detailed delta and duration management and reduced counterparty risk through partial collateral.

Calendar 2025 Q1

do you think we're getting to a point where it's fair for us to start forecasting out a yield on that?

Capital AllocationTranscript · FY2025 Q2 →
Show response

Gary declined formal yield guidance but reiterated a 4% to 6% annualized target on the treasury; partial.

COINCoinbase Global4 questions · 4 reporting periods · 1 of 4 challenging
COIN company page →

Calendar 2026 Q1

Can you frame up the institutional interest in crypto as of late? And if you are surprised to see more weakness in institutional than retail

ChallengingDemandCompetitive DynamicsTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

Emilie noted institutional weakness was driven by lower volatility reducing Deribit options demand, but underlying engagement was strong with loan balances at all-time high of $1.4B.

Calendar 2025 Q4

Can you provide an update on how much USDC market cap is currently on the Coinbase platform, i.e., a January average or February number?

Show response

Alesia declined to provide intra-quarter USDC data, pointing to the shareholder letter's year-end figures only.

Calendar 2025 Q2

Beyond retail and institutional holdings of USDC on the platform, do you see banks, neobanks, remittance company integrations? And would those count as USDC on the Coinbase platform?

Revenue GrowthSubscriber GrowthTranscript · FY2025 Q2 →
Show response

Alesia explained dual monetization: on-platform (100% economics) and off-platform (50% share). Brian added that stablecoins have network effects and USDC is best positioned as largest regulated dollar stablecoin.

Calendar 2024 Q4

The two areas I see are stablecoins and then the tokenized real-world assets, which you've discussed. You know, you could see a world where a lot of that transfer activity all ultimately happens on...

Product LaunchInnovation & R&DTranscript · FY2024 Q4 →
Show response

Brian confirmed the vision of Coinbase as a primary financial account spanning brokerage, banking, and payments. Cited $30T stablecoin volume growing 3x YoY and the goal to tokenize all asset classes.

CRCLCircle Internet Group4 questions · 4 reporting periods · 0 of 4 challenging
CRCL company page →

Calendar 2026 Q2

Is there a sort of almost an inherent right to win for you guys within that x402 stack?

Competitive DynamicsRevenue GrowthTranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Allaire cited Circle's founding role in the x402 Foundation, USDC's roughly 99% agentic-payment share and network effects extending into the LLM and intelligence layer.

Calendar 2026 Q1

trying to understand the kind of the plans for the rollout broadly and what that looks like.

Capital AllocationProduct LaunchTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

Allaire said the presale was $222M at $3B FDV; 60% of tokens are earmarked for ecosystem grants, airdrops and incentives, with focus on the mainnet launch.

Calendar 2025 Q4

It seems like the evolution of these could long term become kind of asset agnostic

Product LaunchInnovation & R&DTranscript · FY2025 Q4 →
Show response

Allaire cast Arc as a general-purpose economic OS and a liquidity/distribution hub for any tokenized asset via CCTP interoperability.

Calendar 2025 Q3

I would think most of this is for payments, cross-border money movement versus kind of crypto native.

DemandProduct LaunchTranscript · FY2025 Q3 →
Show response

Allaire declined to break out on-platform USDC by use case; emphasized partnerships with growth-oriented distribution platforms.

HOODRobinhood Markets, Inc.4 questions · 4 reporting periods · 0 of 4 challenging
HOOD company page →

Calendar 2026 Q1

wondering if you could expand on that or more cross-sell opportunities within that segment

Show response

Vlad described basic infrastructure fixes at Bitstamp driving institutional share gains. Shiv added institutional lending is simple working capital provision leveraging Robinhood's balance sheet.

Calendar 2025 Q2

did they eventually invite a world where we see fee compression in crypto?

PricingInnovation & R&DTranscript · FY2025 Q2 →
Show response

Vlad argued customers are asset-class agnostic on pricing. Jason drew analogy to different pricing across index options, futures, equities, and options. Each asset class stands on its own.

Calendar 2025 Q1

does that basically leave us with $500 million or a $1 million or so that are out -- that was outside the November election

Product LaunchRevenue GrowthTranscript · FY2025 Q1 →
Show response

Vlad confirmed just under half of the 1 billion prediction market contracts were sports-related including March Madness, the Masters, NHL and NBA. Plans to expand contract breadth and improve discoverability.

Calendar 2024 Q4

if there's more possibilities of kind of doing some direct product launches around Stable Coins

Innovation & R&DProduct LaunchTranscript · FY2024 Q4 →
Show response

Vlad highlighted USDG partnership on Global Dollar Network for yield-bearing stablecoin. Noted Robinhood uses stablecoin for weekend settlements internally, signaling institutional adoption tailwind.

Show 1 more company
IRENIREN Limited4 questions · 4 reporting periods · 0 of 4 challenging
IREN company page →

Calendar 2026 Q1

how do you intend to finance the build-out for the recently announced NVIDIA deal? It seems to be around 5 gigawatts.

Capital AllocationCreditTranscript · FY2026 Q3 →
Show response

Question asked by Austin Bohlig on the line for John Todaro. Anthony Lewis called the Childress retrofit CapEx modest with a range of GPU financing sources available; Dan Roberts added the 5GW capital is progressive over an S-curve and cited the Microsoft template, ~95% of that CapEx financed at ~3% via prepayments and GPU financing.

Calendar 2025 Q4

it relates to kind of these credit backstopping that you might see from NVIDIA.

Competitive DynamicsCloud & AITranscript · FY2026 Q2 →
Show response

Kent argued a backstop aids financing but not power access; Dan implied IREN has the same structural conversations.

Calendar 2025 Q3

any kind of penalties or anything related to the time line of delivering capacity?

Guidance ReliabilityCapex InvestmentTranscript · FY2026 Q1 →
Show response

Dan said IREN is comfortable with the negotiated contractual tolerances and penalties but couldn't detail them, citing a perfect construction/commissioning track record.

Calendar 2025 Q2

just the average duration of the contract, kind of trying to determine given the 3-year payback with the GPUs

Show response

Kent Draper answered directly: contracts span 1-month rolling to 3-year, with newer-gen Blackwell equipment (e.g. B200s) tending to longer, multiyear terms.

Challenge rate by company

Every company this analyst questioned, most questions first. A company-level rate is shown from 3 questions; below that it is withheld.

CompanyQuestionsChallenge rate
APLD Applied Digital Corp.119%1 of 11 questions
RIOT Riot Platforms, Inc.1127%3 of 11 questions
CLSK CleanSpark, Inc.825%2 of 8 questions
COIN Coinbase Global425%1 of 4 questions
CRCL Circle Internet Group40%none of 4 questions
HOOD Robinhood Markets, Inc.40%none of 4 questions
IREN IREN Limited40%none of 4 questions
  • APLD
    Applied Digital Corp. · 11 questions
    9%1 of 11 questions
  • RIOT
    Riot Platforms, Inc. · 11 questions
    27%3 of 11 questions
  • CLSK
    CleanSpark, Inc. · 8 questions
    25%2 of 8 questions
  • COIN
    Coinbase Global · 4 questions
    25%1 of 4 questions
  • CRCL
    Circle Internet Group · 4 questions
    0%none of 4 questions
  • HOOD
    Robinhood Markets, Inc. · 4 questions
    0%none of 4 questions
  • IREN
    IREN Limited · 4 questions
    0%none of 4 questions

Activity by reporting period

Questions recorded for each calendar quarter that companies’ reporting periods map to (not the call date), with the challenge rate for that period. Periods inside the range with no questions are shown as “No questions recorded”.

Questions by calendar reporting period
Calendar periodQuestionsChallenge rateCompanies
2024 Q310%none of 1 question1
2024 Q4450%2 of 4 questions3
2025 Q1617%1 of 6 questions4
2025 Q2425%1 of 4 questions4
2025 Q360%none of 6 questions5
2025 Q4813%1 of 8 questions6
2026 Q1922%2 of 9 questions7
2026 Q260%none of 6 questions4
2026 Q320%none of 2 questions1
  1. 2024 Q31 question · challenge rate 0% (none of 1 question) · 1 company
  2. 2024 Q44 questions · challenge rate 50% (2 of 4 questions) · 3 companies
  3. 2025 Q16 questions · challenge rate 17% (1 of 6 questions) · 4 companies
  4. 2025 Q24 questions · challenge rate 25% (1 of 4 questions) · 4 companies
  5. 2025 Q36 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 6 questions) · 5 companies
  6. 2025 Q48 questions · challenge rate 13% (1 of 8 questions) · 6 companies
  7. 2026 Q19 questions · challenge rate 22% (2 of 9 questions) · 7 companies
  8. 2026 Q26 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 6 questions) · 4 companies
  9. 2026 Q32 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 2 questions) · 1 company

Topics

Topics tagged on this analyst’s questions.

  • Cloud & AI16
  • Capex Investment12
  • Revenue Growth7
  • Demand7
  • Competitive Dynamics6
  • Capital Allocation6
  • Product Launch6
  • Geographic Expansion4
  • Innovation & R&D4
  • Margin2
Show all 17 topics
  • Regulation Policy2
  • M&A2
  • Credit1
  • Supply Chain1
  • Guidance Reliability1
  • Subscriber Growth1
  • Pricing1