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Analyst
Saul Martinez
Period: Reporting periods mapped to calendar 2024 Q4 – 2026 Q2 (7 quarters).
- Questions
- 54on tracked calls
- Challenge rate
- 26%14 of 54 questions
- Companies
- 12questioned at least once
- Reporting periods
- 7with questions
These figures cover the whole profile: every tracked question, all reporting periods.
How to read these numbers
Challenge rate is the share of questions that pushed back, pressed for specifics or questioned management’s assumptions. It describes how questions were asked on the calls tracked here; it does not measure whether any view turned out to be right.
Rounding. Rates are rounded to whole percentages, so a small share can show as 0% even when some questions were challenging. The count beside each rate is exact; “none of N questions” means no question was challenging.
No questions recorded. “—” means there is nothing to calculate: no questions were recorded for that period on the calls tracked here. It does not mean there was no activity.
Fewer than 3 questions. A company-level rate is withheld when fewer than 3 questions were recorded for that company; the questions are still counted everywhere else.
Small samples. Profiles with fewer than 10 questions are marked Limited sample.
Reporting periods. Questions are grouped by the calendar quarter each company’s fiscal reporting period maps to, not by the date of the call. Periods without a calendar mapping are listed separately under their fiscal label.
Questions asked
Grouped by company, most questions first. Open a company to read its questions, newest reporting period first.
Showing 54 of 54 questions from 12 companies
USBU.S. Bancorp12 questions · 7 reporting periods · 5 of 12 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
whether there's an element of conservatism in this guide, and I'm just curious how you think about all that?
Show response
Stern clarified Amazon revenue split and pointed to NIM/NII growing through the year, while watching deposits and the curve shape.
Calendar 2026 Q1
How big can this get either in terms of volumes, loans, revenues?
Show response
Gunjan said growth dependent on Amazon's small business base growth; $75-85M/quarter at conversion; will reinvest some revenue in new client acquisition; goal is to take payments business to more robust long-term growth trajectory.
The volumes have been a little soft though the last couple of quarters
Show response
John explained volume softness from 1-2 client exits with negligible revenue impact; underlying trends reflect 5-6% growth consistent with fee growth; Gunjan added intentional decoupling from volume, focusing on profitable revenue over thin-margin volume.
Calendar 2025 Q4
can we surmise that it will be PPNR accretive by year-end and into early 2027
Show response
John confirmed merger costs concentrated in next 1-2 quarters keeping EPS neutral; margin expansion expected thereafter; accretive by year-end and into 2027.
one of your competitors said that this really isn't a business that makes a lot of sense. For a large regional bank.
Show response
John cited client demand for broader financing and wallet share; Gunjan pointed to proven track record growing fixed income to $1.4B organically; middle market and family office segments need high-touch service at USB's scale.
Calendar 2025 Q3
You are expecting continued growth as you see a pull forward of some of this activity. And from current levels?
Show response
Impact Finance expected to grow high single digits medium-term; driven by tax credit transferability, syndications, market share gains; #1 in new market tax credits.
I'm not sure I understand because you're just elaborate a little bit on what the card favorability dynamics are
Show response
Two cuts assumed for 2025, two more in 2026; 10-year at ~4.5% for 2026; card yield pickup in Q3 partially seasonal and will reverse in Q4; overall bias to upside.
Calendar 2025 Q2
just any color on how you're thinking about corporate payments. You mentioned just economic headwinds there
Show response
Corporate T&E headwinds may persist into Q3 then abate; strong sales pipeline visible well in advance. Issuing growth rate reflective of market, prepaid headwinds fully lapped.
the much bigger impact came in short-term borrowing costs, which were up $32 million and long-term debt costs
Show response
Short-term borrowings temporarily funded securities purchases ahead of loan sale closing; will reverse next quarter. Long-term debt coverage now at appropriate level, no further growth needed.
Calendar 2025 Q1
If I assume the ratio of earning assets to total assets is roughly constant, from here. And apply a 3% NIM you get to over a $19 billion
Show response
John wouldn't confirm specific NII figure but acknowledged the math; emphasized mechanical repricing and deposit optimization as core drivers with curve shape as variable.
Calendar 2024 Q4
remind us what the through-the-cycle deposit beta you're expecting. I heard mid-40s in Q1. I think like high 40s, low 50s
Show response
Through-cycle beta expected to reach 50%+ with additional rate cuts.
I'm struggling to see how you differentiate yourself in the merchant acquired businesses. With the exception of maybe Chase
Show response
Andy emphasized banking-payments integration and vertical-focused capabilities; Gunjan cited 15M client franchise and backend infrastructure as competitive advantage.
BACBank of America6 questions · 3 reporting periods · 2 of 6 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
How should we think about what the 6% to 8% means for growth in NII ex markets
Show response
Alastair framed Global Markets NII as having been powered by lower rates and balance-sheet growth; without further rate cuts, core businesses (Global Banking, Consumer, Wealth) become the dominant growth engines. Markets NII will still flow to bottom line, with only occasional MSA offsets of $100M-magnitude per quarter.
I was a little bit surprised that you saw the slight reserve release this quarter given the macro uncertainties
Show response
Alastair rejected the premise of looser reserving, same CECL methodology but lower-risk portfolio mix (less unsecured consumer, more wealth lending). Lowest Fed stress loss rate 13 of last 14 years. Q1 specifically: shifted 5% out of upside case into baseline (more conservative economic scenario weighting), with a modest release from continued CRE office improvement.
Calendar 2025 Q4
your thoughts on whether you think we're at below trend levels of losses and in what categories
Show response
Alastair confirmed current 44-47bps NCO rate is below through-cycle estimate of 50-55bps from Investor Day. Attributed to right risk selection, right clients, and benign environment.
where do you think it could go to as rates come down and deposit growth starts to materialize
Show response
Alastair noted consumer checking balances now up ~2% year-over-year. Historically consumer deposit growth tracks GDP to GDP-plus (4-5%). May not reach full rate in 2026 but expecting improvement from 2025's ~3% growth rate.
Calendar 2025 Q3
what should give us confidence that you're not compromising on risk to get that kind of the kind of growth that you're seeing
Show response
Alastair detailed risk controls: top global asset managers as clients, diversified high-quality collateral, shorter duration structures with mark-to-market triggers, investment-grade ratings, and loss content under 1 basis point historically.
is that environment where the markets businesses can continue to stay at current levels in terms of revenues
Show response
Brian emphasized S&T's 14-quarter growth streak reflects a moving not storage business. IB benefiting from geographic expansion and middle-market franchise. Global banking's holistic client model provides revenue stability beyond IB fee volatility.
CCitigroup6 questions · 4 reporting periods · 2 of 6 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q4
I'm just, you know, just curious how you how you're thinking about the progress there. Your level of confidence that you're on track to continue to drive higher op leverage
Show response
Fraser cited lead-investment-advisor strategy, talent retention, CIO research improvement, BlackRock/iCapital/Palantir partnerships, $5T opportunity ($3T in US retail/CityGold). Mason confirmed medium-term EBIT margin target 20% (achieved in 2025), longer-term 25-30%.
Calendar 2025 Q2
what what's what is still an impediment to. You delivering that kind of return
Show response
Fraser cited product innovation including Strata Elite card, American Airlines partnership, AI-driven efficiency, and retail bank as wealth feeder.
Calendar 2025 Q1
anything you want to highlight there as to what's driving that and any comments just on the durability
Show response
Fraser cited $5T off-platform opportunity, global advisory demand, Palantir relationship for client experience, and talent investments.
with the accounting change that should recalibrate to being below call it $53.5 billion
Show response
Mason confirmed $400M card processing fee reclassification reduces 2026 expense target to below $52.6B.
Calendar 2024 Q4
I am not sure exactly what up modestly means, if that's 1%, 3%, 4%
Show response
Mason quantified NII ex-markets growth at 2-3% driven by card loan volumes, deposit momentum, and investment portfolio repricing.
it does imply a pretty sharp reduction in '26, especially in light of continued revenue growth
Show response
Mason cited severance normalization from ~$700M to ~$300M, legacy stranded cost reduction from $1.9B, and transformation productivity savings as key levers.
GSThe Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.6 questions · 4 reporting periods · 0 of 6 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
how do you think about the risk here to this level of revenues? What is extraordinary versus what is durable
Show response
Coleman pointed to expanding market caps, growing client participation, improved market share, and capital deployment as structural drivers while noting significant drawdowns could reverse activity levels.
It sounds like this is more of a more generalizable about -- related to the market backdrop as opposed to anything Goldman specific? Is that right
Show response
Coleman confirmed FICC intermediation softness was market-wide, not Goldman-specific, and explained higher VAR was driven by increased rates and commodities volatility.
Calendar 2025 Q4
Were you talking about IV fees as a whole, or were you talking about the individual segments
Show response
Solomon clarified base case is advisory VOLUMES approaching 2021 levels, not total IB fees. ECM will remain well below 2021 peak but higher than 2025.
Calendar 2025 Q2
what does it imply about how you see your own core earnings power?
Show response
Solomon acknowledged payout ratio could be higher given capital generation but declined to speculate on specific ratios. Focused on sustainable steady dividend growth.
What drove that and, you know, what's driving, you know, the much better results in the durability of that gap
Show response
Solomon said performance varies quarter to quarter but 25-year leadership position sustained through continuous investment. Cautioned against extrapolating one quarter.
Calendar 2025 Q1
is there anything unusual in terms of RWA progression or VaRs or exposures?
Show response
Coleman explained active management of capital density, moving out of high-density HPI into lower-density wealth lending with recurring revenue.
WFCWells Fargo6 questions · 4 reporting periods · 2 of 6 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
Has there been any change in your views of loss content in those portfolios which would influence how you are reserving for those books?
Show response
Santomassimo confirmed no change in loss content outlook; NDFI losses have been virtually nothing historically. Allowance is lower and not changing materially.
NII ex-Markets was only up 2% year on year. If I look at loan growth excluding Markets lending, it was up 8%. Deposit growth has been good. It does seem like you are seeing some core margin pressure
Show response
Santomassimo attributed core NII margin pressure to rate cuts and interest-bearing deposit mix shift; emphasized they are not competing on price to grow.
Calendar 2025 Q4
just give us some color on what your expectations directionally are for some of the major fee lines
Show response
Mike walked through: advisory fees driven by equity markets with a better jumping-off point than last year; deposit and card fees driven by macro/consumer consistency; IB expected active across M&A and ECM; trading expected to grow overall revenue. Over half of fee line covered by advisory, deposit, and card fees alone.
Calendar 2025 Q1
just if you can give us an update on what you're thinking for this business, what the outlook is
Show response
Mike detailed spread compression driven by FICO mix shift from credit tightening, VW relationship building, and full-spectrum lending capabilities, with focus on returns not growth at any cost.
The equities piece was flat year on year. I know it's a small business at this point
Show response
Mike emphasized WFC's equities business is fundamentally different from peers, not global, no massive prime business. Some equity finance constrained by asset cap. Charlie praised the team's results without the luxury of balance sheet.
Calendar 2024 Q4
do you feel like these are factors you still need to address to sort of remove the shackles
Show response
Charlie rejected the 'shackles off' framing, emphasizing disciplined, linear approach to growth with strong controls. Growth will be controlled and supported by risk frameworks, not a sudden unlocking.
COFCapital One4 questions · 2 reporting periods · 1 of 4 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
why not up the buyback from the $2.5 billion per quarter level
Show response
Andrew cited macro uncertainty and asymmetrical value of capital. Nearly $12B authorization remaining. Rich added buybacks are important to value creation but conservative capital philosophy takes priority. Did not commit to increasing pace.
I noticed that you didn't give the outlook for loan and deposit fair value mark amortization this quarter
Show response
Andrew explained measurement period is final. Q1 impact was ~$1M, inconsequential. Directed back to tables already provided. Clean and direct answer.
Calendar 2025 Q4
is that a fair assumption? Or is that is it fair to think that that's sort of a decent cadence for buybacks
Show response
Andrew emphasized Brex does not change repurchase approach. Will consider current/projected capital, balance sheet growth, economy, and regulatory environment. Healthy capital levels with $14B remaining authorization and SCB flexibility.
Is it fair to say then that the deal at least initially will be EPS dilutive, intangible book dilutive
Show response
Rich confirmed initial EPS dilution from Brex given high growth rate of business. Expects significant accretion over time. Andrew clarified Brex reduces capital by ~40bps but does not alter repurchase pace. $14B remaining authorization, flexibility under SCB. Will manage buybacks based on capital levels, growth opportunities, economy, and regulatory environment.
Show 6 more companies
PNCPNC Financial Services4 questions · 3 reporting periods · 1 of 4 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
do you guys feel like there is an element of conservatism being built into the second half guidance
Show response
Demchak declined to re-guide, saying only PNC would get more than its fair share of any economy-wide loan growth.
are there areas that you are monitoring your you know, that where you see there are vulnerabilities
Show response
Reilly cited only isolated pressures in healthcare, distillery, and transportation, with no big pocket of concern.
Calendar 2025 Q4
stripping out FirstBank. I get to something in the neighborhood of about 3%
Show response
Rob corrected to 4% PNC standalone loan growth within the 8% combined guide. Continued C&I momentum, CRE inflection expected at some point in 2026. Consumer growth in auto and card, offset by deliberate resi mortgage rundown.
Calendar 2025 Q2
Can you just give us an update on what your strategy is here, what you're doing?
Show response
Bill ruled out buying retail credit portfolios, available portfolios are typically broken. Heavy organic investment in card through deeper cross-sell penetration, credit underwriting, and marketing. Auto book growing from consistent presence through cycle.
TFCTruist Financial4 questions · 3 reporting periods · 0 of 4 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
I wanted to ask just about your confidence in sustaining double-digit growth beyond 2026
Show response
Maguire clarified double-digit growth refers to nontrading IB. Business has been high-single/low-double-digit grower historically. Continue to invest, hire talent, have needed products. Rogers added M&A will be bigger growth driver going forward, 23% of corporate/middle-market bankers are new to platform with high productivity.
Calendar 2025 Q4
The guidance implies $12, call it, $12.02 to $12.3 billion of expenses. That does have some level of restructuring expenses embedded in it
Show response
Maguire confirmed GAAP expense guidance includes restructuring/severance, expected to be modestly lower than 2025. Ex-legal accrual, expense growth would be closer to 2.35-3.35%.
Calendar 2024 Q4
how do we think about the new money rates on that $42 billion? What kind of an incremental spread
Show response
Maguire quantified ~100bps+ pickup on fixed-rate loan repricing, implying ~$400M+ annualized NII benefit from the $42B maturing in 2025.
the non-interest income guide is low-single-digits, which, I assume, is 1% to 3%, which would imply NII growth is a little bit above that range
Show response
Maguire confirmed NII growth exceeds headline fee growth; core fee growth (ex-TIH transition services and Sterling) is mid-single digit vs low-single digit headline.
JPMJPMorgan Chase & Co.3 questions · 3 reporting periods · 0 of 3 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q2
is there an argument that we're vastly underestimating the potential benefits to efficiency
Show response
Dimon said about 1,000 AI use cases are live with big efficiency expected, but stressed the benefit ultimately accrues to customers rather than margins.
Calendar 2025 Q2
how are you thinking about how much of this is the result of an exceptional trading environment versus something that's more durable
Show response
Barnum said results broad-based and not lumpy. Deploying significant capital and resources to generate revenue so growth not free. Getting more comfortable calling Markets revenues relatively recurring and countercyclical.
Calendar 2025 Q1
does it make sense or under what conditions would it make sense for you to maybe pull back on some of these investments or do you think that's just completely short sighted
Show response
Barnum outlined volume-related expenses auto-reset while strategic investments continue unless fundamentals change. Dimon pivoted to efficiency initiative under Piepszak, cited post-COVID headcount buildup and regulatory cost as targets.
AXPAmerican Express Company1 question · 1 reporting period · 0 of 1 challenging
Calendar 2024 Q4
what kind of momentum you're seeing in terms of merchant acceptance, how the sales changes you made a couple of years
Show response
Squeri highlighted 80% merchant coverage, under 6% market share in top five markets, and expected double-digit international billings to continue.
MSMorgan Stanley1 question · 1 reporting period · 1 of 1 challenging
Calendar 2025 Q3
can you sustain this type of profitability in in institutional security
Show response
Ted acknowledged link between asset prices and financing revenues but emphasized durability investments. Fixed income consistently at $2B+ across environments. IB gaining share globally with pent-up supply. Not overreaching on new business. VAR ticks up but not dramatically. High bar on incremental margin generation.
SYFSynchrony Financial1 question · 1 reporting period · 0 of 1 challenging
Calendar 2026 Q1
Beyond 2026, can you comment on your ability to deliver operating leverage as you exit 2026 and into 2027 as top-line growth accelerates?
Show response
Wenzel outlined flat headcount strategy with AI and engineering productivity driving leverage. NII growth expected to outpace OpEx growth. Will continue investing in differentiated technology (AI, cloud) while reducing core operating costs. On payment behavior, does not see divergence, minimum pay shifts more about auto-pay settings versus stress. Overall consumer spending and payment behavior showing strength.
Challenge rate by company
Every company this analyst questioned, most questions first. A company-level rate is shown from 3 questions; below that it is withheld.
| Company | Questions | Challenge rate |
|---|---|---|
| USB U.S. Bancorp | 12 | 42%5 of 12 questions |
| BAC Bank of America | 6 | 33%2 of 6 questions |
| C Citigroup | 6 | 33%2 of 6 questions |
| GS The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. | 6 | 0%none of 6 questions |
| WFC Wells Fargo | 6 | 33%2 of 6 questions |
| COF Capital One | 4 | 25%1 of 4 questions |
| PNC PNC Financial Services | 4 | 25%1 of 4 questions |
| TFC Truist Financial | 4 | 0%none of 4 questions |
| JPM JPMorgan Chase & Co. | 3 | 0%none of 3 questions |
| AXP American Express Company | 1 | —Rate withheld: fewer than 3 questions |
- USBU.S. Bancorp · 12 questions42%5 of 12 questions
- BACBank of America · 6 questions33%2 of 6 questions
- CCitigroup · 6 questions33%2 of 6 questions
- GSThe Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. · 6 questions0%none of 6 questions
- WFCWells Fargo · 6 questions33%2 of 6 questions
- COFCapital One · 4 questions25%1 of 4 questions
- PNCPNC Financial Services · 4 questions25%1 of 4 questions
- TFCTruist Financial · 4 questions0%none of 4 questions
- JPMJPMorgan Chase & Co. · 3 questions0%none of 3 questions
- AXPAmerican Express Company · 1 question—rate withheld: under 3 questions
Activity by reporting period
Questions recorded for each calendar quarter that companies’ reporting periods map to (not the call date), with the challenge rate for that period. Periods inside the range with no questions are shown as “No questions recorded”.
| Calendar period | Questions | Challenge rate | Companies |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Q4 | 8 | 38%3 of 8 questions | 5 |
| 2025 Q1 | 7 | 0%none of 7 questions | 5 |
| 2025 Q2 | 7 | 29%2 of 7 questions | 5 |
| 2025 Q3 | 5 | 40%2 of 5 questions | 3 |
| 2025 Q4 | 11 | 9%1 of 11 questions | 8 |
| 2026 Q1 | 12 | 33%4 of 12 questions | 7 |
| 2026 Q2 | 4 | 50%2 of 4 questions | 3 |
- 2024 Q48 questions · challenge rate 38% (3 of 8 questions) · 5 companies
- 2025 Q17 questions · challenge rate 0% (none of 7 questions) · 5 companies
- 2025 Q27 questions · challenge rate 29% (2 of 7 questions) · 5 companies
- 2025 Q35 questions · challenge rate 40% (2 of 5 questions) · 3 companies
- 2025 Q411 questions · challenge rate 9% (1 of 11 questions) · 8 companies
- 2026 Q112 questions · challenge rate 33% (4 of 12 questions) · 7 companies
- 2026 Q24 questions · challenge rate 50% (2 of 4 questions) · 3 companies
Topics
Topics tagged on this analyst’s questions.
- Revenue Growth23
- Margin13
- Competitive Dynamics11
- Demand10
- Credit6
- M&A5
- Cost Pressure5
- Capital Allocation4
- Guidance Reliability3
- Macroeconomic3
Show all 17 topics
- Regulation Policy2
- Cloud & AI1
- Pricing1
- Capex Investment1
- Product Launch1
- Geographic Expansion1
- Innovation & R&D1